Solar Trees: Shift from Grey to Green Sky for Future Fuel Pumps under Clean/Green Energy: India

Abstract

Clean/green energy embraces renewable resources like bio, geo, hydro, oceanic, solar, and aeolian power. They are utilized in energy generation, heating and cooling processes, transport, domestic and urban niches. India has aimed to rise in its per capita energy use to rise by 40%, and emission cut/GDP pledge by 33-35% till 2030 compared to 2005 level by building extra carbon sink 2.5-3.0 billion MT CO2e by targeting renewable source to 175GW (100GW of Solar) by 2022. The killer SARSCoV-2 virus has the target and the clean/green energy growth. The reduction of CO2 has been depleted due to industrial, urban and transportation shut downs and the 2019 grey sky has converted old blue environment, Solar power plants considered to be best remedy for apocalyptic. The Solar tree or Solar Parks concept is novel and the most easy, economic and commercial method that can have utilities in all development sector. The work envisages the design by MATLAB (Simulink simulated). The fabrication of solar trees of 180 watt capacity in workshop including has been tested under different solar insulations. The result inferred that the solar tree can be a part to solar park, installed at fallow/hilly terrains in less area, low cost by 18.51%, with higher power generation by sustaining the environment serve as real trees. The solar trees near National Highways shall sell/hire batteries on commercial basis like fuel pumps and gas cylinders for supply to e-vehicles.

A Novel Metaheuristic Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm for Parameter Extraction of Solar Module

“…Equation ( 5) is obtained by using equations (2), (3), and (1), where k is Boltzmann's constant, q is the electron charge, T is the temperature in Kelvin and α is the ideality factor, I pv is the module current, I ph and I o are the module photogenerated and diode reverse saturation current, V pv is the module voltage, R s is the series resistance, R sh is the shunt resistance, N s and V t are the number of cells and junction thermal voltage [5][6][7][8][9]. For open-circuit conditions I pv � 0 and…”

“…It is necessary to have a suitable mathematical model of PV solar cells/modules that is efective in all environmental conditions. Several mathematical models in the literature are available (one-diode, two-diode, and three-diode models) for transforming solar energy into electricity [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, mainly found models in the literature are based on fve parameters [9][10][11] because of ease and acceptance.…”

“…However, mainly found models in the literature are based on fve parameters [9][10][11] because of ease and acceptance. According to the review, the characteristics of photovoltaic cells can be derived from information in the manufacturer's datasheet using equations or mathematical models [1,5,[12][13][14][15] or from experimentally recorded currentvoltage (I-V) characteristics [16][17][18][19][20]. Te sensitivity analysis also plays an important role in analyzing the efect of environmental conditions on the PV module, as there are many variables that are used for the sensitivity study such as solar irradiation, temperature, dust, interconnection of cells, degradation of a solar cell, direct normal irradiation (DNI), difused horizontal irradiation (DHI), global horizontal irradiation (GBI), wind speed, and albedo.…”

Allocation of Hybrid Distributed Generations and Energy Management in Radial Electrical Systems

“…In addition, some constraints of use such as the increase in population, taking into account the variation of the mass density [6] [7], have an influence on the power output of the system. Among the optimization systems [8] [9], we have the optimization by particle Swarm optimization (PSO) and Genetic algorithms (GA) [10] [11] [12]. These Methods [13] are given to have a good speed of convergence and to minimize an objective function [2] [9] [14].…”