<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada (<em>Piper nigrum</em>) di Indonesia <br /> rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman. Penelitian <br /> dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balittro Bogor mulai Januari 2012 sampai Juni <br /> 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik <br /> lada varietas Petaling 1 menggunakan mutagen kimia kolkhisin. Biji lada <br /> direndam dalam larutan kolkhisin konsentrasi 0; 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05% <br /> selama 4 jam dan disemai pada bak pasir. Masing-masing perlakuan <br /> diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 300 biji. Pengamatan <br /> dilakukan terhadap persentase perkecambahan dan fenotipe tanaman, persentase tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur dua bulan. Selanjutnya, sebanyak 20 individu dari total benih yang tumbuh dipilih berdasarkan rata rata penggabungan dari tanaman terpendek dan tertinggi. Individu terpilih diamati tinggi tanaman serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur empat bulan. Untuk melihat ragam genetik dilakukan analisis kandungan DNA dengan<em> flowcytometry</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkhisin 0,01 dan 0,05% menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan benih di persemaian lebih tinggi. Pada lada mutan vegetatif generasi ke-0, perubahan morfologi terindikasi pada konsentrasi 0,03%. Pada generasi mutan hasil perbanyakan/turunan vegetatif pertama perubahan morfologi pada tanaman terjadi pada perlakuan 0,05%. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat ploidi lada pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol.</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Piper nigrum</em> L., ragam genetik, mutan, kolkhisin, fenotip</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of Colchicine on the Phenothypic Performance of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Mutant and Ploidy analysis</p><p>Genetic variability of pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em>) in Indonesia was low, <br /> so it was needed to increase its variability. Research was conducted at the <br /> green house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, <br /> Bogor from January 2012 to June 2013. The aim of the research was to <br /> increase the genetic variability of pepper (Petaling 1) using chemical <br /> mutagen colchicine. Seeds of pepper were soaked in colchicine solution <br /> with several concentration (0; 0,01; 0,03; and 0,05%) for four hours, and <br /> then germinated on sand media. Every treatment consisted of 300 seeds <br /> and replicated three times. The parameter observed were germination <br /> percentage, plant phenotype, growth percentage, plant hight, number of <br /> node and leaves two months after planting. Further, from total seedling <br /> growth, 20 individual were selected based on average combined from <br /> highest and shortest plant. The selected individual observed their plant <br /> height, number of node and leaves on four months. Flowcytometri analysis <br /> from the selected seedling was conducted to find interplant genetic <br /> variabilities. The result showed that application of colchicin 0,01 and <br /> 0,05% performed the fast germination on the nursery compared with <br /> control, but no significant differencet on the growth parameters. In the <br /> mutant generation 0, the changes on morphology showed on 0,03% and at the first vegetative generation, the changes were indicated in plants from 0,05% of colchicine treatment. Flowcytometri analysis showed no significant differences on ploidi level of all treatments including control.</p><p>Keywords: <em>Piper nigrum</em>, genetic variability, mutant, cholchicin, phenotype</p>
ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian mengenai respon temulawak hasil rimpang kultur<br />jaringan generasi kedua terhadap pemupukan telah dilaksanakan di lahan<br />petani Sumur Wangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Bogor dari bulan Oktober<br />2002 sampai bulan September 2003. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan<br />sebagai benih adalah rimpang induk temulawak hasil kultur jaringan<br />generasi kedua. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah : (1) tanpa pupuk (kontrol),<br />(2) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman, (3) pupuk kandang kambing 2<br />kg/tanaman, (4) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan<br />yaitu urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman dan,<br />(5) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan urea 2<br />g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman. Rancangan yang<br />digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap<br />ulangan terdiri atas sepuluh tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah<br />60 cm x 60 cm. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase tumbuh, jumlah<br />anakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun serta lingkar<br />batang pada umur empat bulan, bobot rimpang per tanaman, panjang, lebar<br />dan diameter rimpang, jumlah rimpang induk serta analisa mutu yang<br />meliputi kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri dan kurkumin pada umur<br />sembilan bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan,<br />tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang daun tidak dipengaruhi oleh<br />aplikasi pemupukan. Respon tanaman terhadap aplikasi pemupukan<br />berpengaruh terhadap parameter lebar daun dan lingkar batang.<br />Selanjutnya pemupukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat rimpang,<br />panjang rimpang, lebar rimpang serta jumlah rimpang induk namun<br />tidak berpengaruh terhadap diameter rimpang. Kandungan kurkumin<br />paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan.<br />Kata kunci : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, kultur jaringan,<br />pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Response of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)<br />derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to<br />fertilizer aplication<br />The experiment was conducted to study the response of temulawak<br />derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizer<br />application. It was carried out in a farmer field at Sumur Wangi, Bogor<br />from October 2002 to September 2003. Plant materials used were obtained<br />from in vitro rhizome of the second generation. Treatments tested were<br />five level of manure fertilizer and artificial fertilizer : (1) without fertilizer<br />(control), (2) stable manure 1 kg/plant, (3) stable manure 2 kg/plant, (4)<br />stable manure 1 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8<br />g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant and (5) stable manure 2 kg/plant + artificial<br />fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant. The<br />experiment was designed using a randomized block design with three<br />replications, ten plants per replication. Plant spacing was 60 cm x 60 cm.<br />The parameters observed were growth percentage, number of tillers, plant<br />height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, stem coil at four<br />months of age, rhizome weight, length and width, rhizome diameter and<br />number of main rhizomes. In addition, quality analysis was also conducted<br />on water, essential, oil and curcumin content, nine months of age. Result<br />showed that fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the number<br />of tillers, plant height, leaf number, rhizome length and diameter compared<br />with without fertilizer, but it significantly increased the leaf width, stem<br />coil, rhizome weight, length and width and also the number of main<br />rhizomes. The highest curcumin content was achieved by those without<br />fertilizer treatment.<br />Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, tissue culture, fertilizer<br />application, growth, yield, quality, West Java
<p>ABSTRAK<br />Keladi tikus umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif sehingga ragam<br />genetiknya sempit. Penelitian peningkatan keragaman genetik pada keladi<br />tikus melalui kultur in vitro telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur<br />Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor<br />pada bulan April sampai Desember 2005. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan<br />adalah daun steril keladi tikus in vitro. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah<br />Murashige and Skoog (MS) yang diperkaya vitamin dari group B. Sebagai<br />sumber energi digunakan sukrosa sebanyak 30 g/l. Penelitian terdiri dari<br />dua tahap yaitu induksi dan regenerasi kalus. Perlakuan yang diuji pada<br />tahap I adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi auksin (2,4-D) secara tunggal<br />maupun kombinasi dengan sitokinin (kinetin) terhadap induksi kalus yaitu<br />: 2,4-D 0,1 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l; 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,1 + kinetin 0,1<br />mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l; 2,4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l;<br />2,4-D 0,1 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l +kinetin 0,3 mg/l dan<br />2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l. Tahap II adalah beberapa taraf<br />konsentrasi benzyl adenin untuk regenerasi kalus. Penelitian disusun<br />menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola faktorial dan lima<br />ulangan, dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari satu eksplan. Faktor pertama<br />adalah asal kalus dan faktor kedua adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi BA<br />yaitu : BA 0,1 mg/l ; BA 0,3 mg/l dan BA 0,5 mg/l. Parameter yang<br />diamati adalah waktu inisiasi kalus, struktur dan warna kalus, jumlah<br />tunas serta penampilan kultur secara visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa kalus asal eksplan daun dapat diinduksi pada perlakuan 2,4-D 1,0<br />mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l dan 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l dengan<br />waktu inisiasi 8 sampai 10 minggu setelah perlakuan. Regenerasi kalus<br />terbaik diperoleh pada medium 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l<br />mengandung BA 0,3 mg/l dengan rata-rata tunas dan daun yang dihasilkan<br />sebanyak 13,2 tunas dan 4,4 daun.<br />Kata kunci : Keladi tikus, Typonium flagelliforme Lodd., induksi,<br />regenerasi kalus, in vitro</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Induction and regeneration of Rodent tuber calli through<br />in vitro culture<br />Rodent tuber plant (Typonium flagelliforme Lodd) is commonly<br />propagated vegetatively, the repro its genetic variation is narrow. A<br />research to increase the genetic variability of the plant was conducted in<br />Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic<br />Research Institute, Bogor from April to December 2005. The leaf of<br />Rodent tuber in vitro used as an explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS)<br />medium used as basic medium, supplemented with vitamin from B group,<br />sucrose 30 g/l was added into the medium as carbon source. The research<br />consist of two steps : 1) calli induction and 2) calli regeneration. The<br />treatment tested in first step : 2.4-D 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l; 2.4-D 1,0<br />mg/l; 2.4-D 0.1 + kinetin 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l + kinetin 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-<br />D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.1 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5<br />mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l and 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l. In the<br />second steps, several concentration of BA were tested i.e: BA 0,1 mg/l ;<br />BA 0,3 mg/l and BA 0,5 mg/l. The experiment was arranged in<br />completely randomized design with factorial pattern. Each treatment<br />consist of five replications. The parameters observed were time of calli<br />initiation, texture, colour of calli and number of shoot and leaves in<br />regeneration. The result showed that calli can be induced on 2.4-D 1.0<br />mg/l + kinetin 0.1 mg/l and 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l, eight to ten<br />weeks after culture. The best medium for shoots regeneration contains 2.4-<br />D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l with 0.3 mg/l BA, with mean result of 13.2<br />shoots and 4.4 leaves.<br />Key words : Rodent tuber, Typonium flagelliforme Lodd. bl , induction,<br />regeneration, calli, in vitro</p>
ABSTRAK<br />Selasih (Ocimum basilicum) merupakan salah satu tanaman<br />penghasil minyak atsiri yang berkhasiat obat maupun pestisida nabati.<br />Untuk mendukung pengembangan peningkatan ragam genetik tanaman,<br />maka dilakukan perbanyakan bahan tanaman melalui teknik kultur in vitro.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2004 di<br />Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan<br />Obat Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan sebagai eksplan adalah mata<br />tunas selasih daun ungu yang berasal dari rumah kaca. Perlakuan yang<br />diuji adalah pengaruh fisik media dan beberapa taraf konsentrasi zat<br />pengatur tumbuh Benzyl Adenin (BA). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah<br />rancangan acak lengkap dalam pola faktorial (dua faktor). Faktor pertama<br />adalah fisik media (padat dan cair) dan faktor ke dua adalah konsentrasi<br />BA (0,1 ; 0,3 dan 0,5 mg/l). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari sepuluh ulangan.<br />Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun<br />dan akar serta penampakan biakan secara visual, umur sembilan minggu.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media padat yang<br />diperkaya BA 0,3 mg/l menghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak yang tidak<br />berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan media padat + BA 0,1 mg/l ataupun<br />media cair + BA ( 0.1 – 0.5 mg/l ). Panjang tunas hanya dipengaruhi oleh<br />perlakuan konsentrasi BA dan tunas terpanjang diperoleh pada perlakuan<br />BA 0,3 mg/l yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan BA 0,1 mg/l. Untuk<br />parameter jumlah daun dan akar tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan yang<br />diuji baik fisik media maupun konsentrasi BA.<br />Kata kunci : Selasih, Ocimum basilicum, media, pengatur tumbuh,<br />multiplikasi tunas, in vitro, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of media and growth regulator on shoot<br />multiplication of ocimum (Ocimum basilicum) in vitro<br />Ocimum (Ocimum basilicum) is one of important essential oil plants<br />in Indonesia which is generally used as medicine or pesticide. For plant<br />development and genetic variants improvement, tissue culture propagation<br />was conducted. The studies was conducted in March to December 2004 at<br />the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the ISMECRI Bogor. Plant materials<br />used were ocimum explants apical shoot taken from a green house.<br />Treatments tested were the effect of physical media and concentration<br />level of Benzyl Adenin (BA). The experiment used a completely<br />randomized design with two factors. First factor was physical media (solid<br />and liquid) and the second factor was BA concentrations (0.1 ; 0.3 and 0.5<br />mg/l ). Each treatment consisted of ten replications. The parameters<br />observed were number of shoots, shoot length, number of leaves and roots<br />and culture performance, nine weeks after culturing. Research result<br />showed that the use of solid media in combination with 0.3 mg/l BA was<br />the best media for shoot multiplication of ocimum in vitro and it was not<br />significantly different with liquid medium enriched with BA (0.1 -0.5<br />mg/l). Shoot length was only affected by BA concentration and the longest<br />shoot was obtained by BA 0.3 mg/l but it was not significantly different<br />with BA 0.1 mg/l. Both treatments had no effect on the number of leaves<br />and roots.<br />Key words : Ocimum, Ocimum basilicum, media, growth regulator, shoot<br />multiplication, in vitro, West Java
White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) is one of the important plants in the genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). This plant grows in Asia and has wide variety of morphological characteristics. White turmeric can be used as a spice for food additive and the raw material for traditional medicine. Indonesian Spice and Medicine Crop Research Institute (ISMCRI) has collected 12 white turmeric accessions from several localities in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between 12 white turmeric accessions based on their morphological characteristics. The rhizome used weighs 30-50 grams with 2-3 shoots. The plots size was 2.5 x 3.5 m2 with a spacing of 50 x 50 cm2, contained 20 plants per plot. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Morphological traits parameters observed were 11 morphological characters, namely plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf thickness, stem diameter, number of tillers, rhizome weight, rhizome length, rhizome width, and rhizome thickness. A significant morphological variation level was recorded for rhizome weight and plant height, while genetic diversity is showed by rhizome weight and a number of tillers. The morphological characteristics observed were correlated with each other. Cluster analysis created four major groups.
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