<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada (<em>Piper nigrum</em>) di Indonesia <br /> rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman. Penelitian <br /> dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balittro Bogor mulai Januari 2012 sampai Juni <br /> 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik <br /> lada varietas Petaling 1 menggunakan mutagen kimia kolkhisin. Biji lada <br /> direndam dalam larutan kolkhisin konsentrasi 0; 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05% <br /> selama 4 jam dan disemai pada bak pasir. Masing-masing perlakuan <br /> diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 300 biji. Pengamatan <br /> dilakukan terhadap persentase perkecambahan dan fenotipe tanaman, persentase tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur dua bulan. Selanjutnya, sebanyak 20 individu dari total benih yang tumbuh dipilih berdasarkan rata rata penggabungan dari tanaman terpendek dan tertinggi. Individu terpilih diamati tinggi tanaman serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur empat bulan. Untuk melihat ragam genetik dilakukan analisis kandungan DNA dengan<em> flowcytometry</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkhisin 0,01 dan 0,05% menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan benih di persemaian lebih tinggi. Pada lada mutan vegetatif generasi ke-0, perubahan morfologi terindikasi pada konsentrasi 0,03%. Pada generasi mutan hasil perbanyakan/turunan vegetatif pertama perubahan morfologi pada tanaman terjadi pada perlakuan 0,05%. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat ploidi lada pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol.</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Piper nigrum</em> L., ragam genetik, mutan, kolkhisin, fenotip</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of Colchicine on the Phenothypic Performance of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Mutant and Ploidy analysis</p><p>Genetic variability of pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em>) in Indonesia was low, <br /> so it was needed to increase its variability. Research was conducted at the <br /> green house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, <br /> Bogor from January 2012 to June 2013. The aim of the research was to <br /> increase the genetic variability of pepper (Petaling 1) using chemical <br /> mutagen colchicine. Seeds of pepper were soaked in colchicine solution <br /> with several concentration (0; 0,01; 0,03; and 0,05%) for four hours, and <br /> then germinated on sand media. Every treatment consisted of 300 seeds <br /> and replicated three times. The parameter observed were germination <br /> percentage, plant phenotype, growth percentage, plant hight, number of <br /> node and leaves two months after planting. Further, from total seedling <br /> growth, 20 individual were selected based on average combined from <br /> highest and shortest plant. The selected individual observed their plant <br /> height, number of node and leaves on four months. Flowcytometri analysis <br /> from the selected seedling was conducted to find interplant genetic <br /> variabilities. The result showed that application of colchicin 0,01 and <br /> 0,05% performed the fast germination on the nursery compared with <br /> control, but no significant differencet on the growth parameters. In the <br /> mutant generation 0, the changes on morphology showed on 0,03% and at the first vegetative generation, the changes were indicated in plants from 0,05% of colchicine treatment. Flowcytometri analysis showed no significant differences on ploidi level of all treatments including control.</p><p>Keywords: <em>Piper nigrum</em>, genetic variability, mutant, cholchicin, phenotype</p>
<p>ABSTRAK<br />Keladi tikus umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif sehingga ragam<br />genetiknya sempit. Penelitian peningkatan keragaman genetik pada keladi<br />tikus melalui kultur in vitro telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur<br />Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor<br />pada bulan April sampai Desember 2005. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan<br />adalah daun steril keladi tikus in vitro. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah<br />Murashige and Skoog (MS) yang diperkaya vitamin dari group B. Sebagai<br />sumber energi digunakan sukrosa sebanyak 30 g/l. Penelitian terdiri dari<br />dua tahap yaitu induksi dan regenerasi kalus. Perlakuan yang diuji pada<br />tahap I adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi auksin (2,4-D) secara tunggal<br />maupun kombinasi dengan sitokinin (kinetin) terhadap induksi kalus yaitu<br />: 2,4-D 0,1 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l; 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,1 + kinetin 0,1<br />mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l; 2,4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l;<br />2,4-D 0,1 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l +kinetin 0,3 mg/l dan<br />2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l. Tahap II adalah beberapa taraf<br />konsentrasi benzyl adenin untuk regenerasi kalus. Penelitian disusun<br />menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola faktorial dan lima<br />ulangan, dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari satu eksplan. Faktor pertama<br />adalah asal kalus dan faktor kedua adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi BA<br />yaitu : BA 0,1 mg/l ; BA 0,3 mg/l dan BA 0,5 mg/l. Parameter yang<br />diamati adalah waktu inisiasi kalus, struktur dan warna kalus, jumlah<br />tunas serta penampilan kultur secara visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa kalus asal eksplan daun dapat diinduksi pada perlakuan 2,4-D 1,0<br />mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l dan 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l dengan<br />waktu inisiasi 8 sampai 10 minggu setelah perlakuan. Regenerasi kalus<br />terbaik diperoleh pada medium 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l<br />mengandung BA 0,3 mg/l dengan rata-rata tunas dan daun yang dihasilkan<br />sebanyak 13,2 tunas dan 4,4 daun.<br />Kata kunci : Keladi tikus, Typonium flagelliforme Lodd., induksi,<br />regenerasi kalus, in vitro</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Induction and regeneration of Rodent tuber calli through<br />in vitro culture<br />Rodent tuber plant (Typonium flagelliforme Lodd) is commonly<br />propagated vegetatively, the repro its genetic variation is narrow. A<br />research to increase the genetic variability of the plant was conducted in<br />Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic<br />Research Institute, Bogor from April to December 2005. The leaf of<br />Rodent tuber in vitro used as an explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS)<br />medium used as basic medium, supplemented with vitamin from B group,<br />sucrose 30 g/l was added into the medium as carbon source. The research<br />consist of two steps : 1) calli induction and 2) calli regeneration. The<br />treatment tested in first step : 2.4-D 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l; 2.4-D 1,0<br />mg/l; 2.4-D 0.1 + kinetin 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l + kinetin 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-<br />D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.1 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5<br />mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l and 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l. In the<br />second steps, several concentration of BA were tested i.e: BA 0,1 mg/l ;<br />BA 0,3 mg/l and BA 0,5 mg/l. The experiment was arranged in<br />completely randomized design with factorial pattern. Each treatment<br />consist of five replications. The parameters observed were time of calli<br />initiation, texture, colour of calli and number of shoot and leaves in<br />regeneration. The result showed that calli can be induced on 2.4-D 1.0<br />mg/l + kinetin 0.1 mg/l and 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l, eight to ten<br />weeks after culture. The best medium for shoots regeneration contains 2.4-<br />D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l with 0.3 mg/l BA, with mean result of 13.2<br />shoots and 4.4 leaves.<br />Key words : Rodent tuber, Typonium flagelliforme Lodd. bl , induction,<br />regeneration, calli, in vitro</p>
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