<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Perbanyakan tebu umumnya dilakukan secara vegetatif mengguna-<br /> kan setek. Teknik ini mempunyai keterbatasan memproduksi jumlah bibit <br /> dalam skala besar. Dalam rangka mendukung peningkatan produktivitas, <br /> maka perlu pemenuhan bibit tebu dalam skala besar. Kultur jaringan <br /> merupakan teknologi alternatif yang dapat dikembangkan untuk <br /> pemenuhan bibit dalam jumlah yang banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah <br /> mendapatkan formulasi media terbaik untuk induksi kalus dan regenerasi <br /> tebu varietas Kidang Kencana dan PSJT 941. Penelitian dilakukan di <br /> Laboratorium Unit Pengelola Benih Unggul Pertanian, Pusat Penelitian <br /> dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, Bogor dari bulan Februari sampai <br /> September 2012. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu induksi kalus, <br /> regenerasi tunas dan perakaran, serta aklimatisasi. Bahan tanaman tebu <br /> yang digunakan adalah daun muda varietas Kidang Kencana dan PSJT 941 <br /> yang masih menggulung. Empat formulasi media digunakan pada tahap <br /> induksi kalus. Sementara itu, pada tahap regenerasi tunas dan perakaran <br /> menggunakan tujuh formulasi media. Aklimatisasi menggunakan media <br /> tanah steril dan kompos (2:1). Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak <br /> Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri atas dua faktor dan diulang <br /> sepuluh kali. Faktor pertama adalah varietas dan kedua adalah formulasi <br /> media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media induksi kalus terbaik untuk <br /> varietas Kidang Kencana adalah 2,4-D 9 µM + Picloram 4,5 µM, <br /> sedangkan PSJT 941 adalah 2,4-D 13,5 µM. Media regenerasi dapat <br /> digunakan untuk menginduksi tunas sekaligus perakaran. Media regenerasi <br /> terbaik varietas Kidang Kencana dan PSJT 941 adalah IBA 2,46 µM + <br /> BAP 1,33 µM. Kedua varietas dapat diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca dengan <br /> tingkat keberhasilan tinggi (80-100%).</p><p>Kata kunci: Saccharum officinarum, tebu, kultur jaringan, organogenesis, <br /> perbanyakan</p><p> </p><p>Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Two Sugarcane Varieties (Saccharum officinarum L.) through In Vitro</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Generally, sugarcane propagation was done by vegetative cuttings. <br /> The technique had limitation of producing seeds in a large scale. In order <br /> to increase productivity of sugarcane, it is required to provide sugarcane <br /> seeds in large scale. Tissue culture is an alternative technique that can be <br />developed to provide the seeds. The objective of this research was to</p><p>obtain the best formulations for callus induction and regeneration of <br /> Kidang Kencana and PSJT 941 varieties. The study was conducted in the <br /> Laboratory of Superior Farm Seeds Management Unit, Indonesian Agency <br /> for Agricultural Research and Development, Bogor from February until <br /> September 2012. The researches were carried out in three steps, name <br /> lycallus induction, regeneration of shoots and roots, and acclimatization. <br /> Explant material used was young rolled leaves collected from two <br /> sugarcane varieties (Kidang Kencana and PSJT 941). Four media <br /> formulations used for callus induction, while seven media formulations <br /> used for shoots and roots regeneration. Acclimatization used sterile soil <br /> and compost (2:1). The experiment arranged in Factorial Completely <br /> Randomized Design with two factors and ten replications. The first factor <br /> was varieties and second factor was media formulations. The results <br /> showed that the best callus induction media for Kidang Kencana was 2.4-<br /> D 9 µM + Picloram 4.5 µM, while for PSJT 941 was 2.4-D 13.5 µM. <br /> Regeneration media could induce both shoots and roots. The best <br /> regeneration media for Kidang Kencana and PSJT 941 were IBA 2.46 µM <br /> + BAP 1.33 µM. They could be acclimatized successfully in green house <br /> with highly percentage (80-100%).</p><p>Key words: Saccharum officinarum, sugarcane, tissue culture, organo- genesis, multiplication</p>
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual crop, limitedly cultivated in the high land areas. Based on the fruit shape the plant could be groped into three types: globularsmall, globular-big, and ovoid. There were 13 accession numbers of coriander collected from production area in Indonesia or other countries. They were varied in fruit shape and some of morphological characters. To analyze the relationship among the accession based on morphological character, the plant was planted at Manoko, Lembang (1200 m asl). Morphological characters were observed from 10 plant and based on the resulted data, analysis of genetic resemblance were carried out using average taxonomic distance of dissimilarity with NTSYSpc-2.1. Results showed that the accession of coriander can be classified into four groups. The first group only consist of introduced cultivar from Japan, the second group consist of coriander collected from Sungaitarap, Padanglawas, Sumbar, Sungayang, Madiun, Irak, Thailand, and Mesir, where each introduced cultivar made an exclusive sub group. The third group are cultivar collected from Jember and Cipanas, while the fourth groups are cultivar collected from Kadipekso and Temanggung. Collected cultivars from nearby areas tended to belong to the same group.Key words: Coriandrum sativum, morphology, germplasm, clustering. ABSTRAKKetumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) merupakan tanaman herba setahun, dan umumnya dibudidayakan secara terbatas di dataran tinggi. Berdasarkan bentuk buahnya, dapat dibedakan ke dalam tiga tipe, yaitu bentuk buah bulat kecil, bulat besar, dan lonjong. Hasil pengumpulan ketumbar dari beberapa sentra produksi maupun introduksi telah diperoleh sebanyak 13 nomor dengan penampakan buah yang bervariasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengelompokan koleksi ketumbar berdasarkan sifat morfologi. Benih ditanam di Manoko pada ketinggian tempat 1200 m dpl. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan terhadap 10 tanaman contoh. Data morfologi dianalisis mengunakan metode jarak average taxonomic distance of dissimilarity dengan paket program NTSYSpc-2.1. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koleksi ketumbar terbagi ke dalam empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok I yang hanya terdiri atas kultivar asal Jepang. Kelompok II adalah kultivar asal Sungaitarap, Padanglawas, Sumbar, Sungayang, Irak, Thailand, Mesir, danMadiun. Tiga kultivar introduksi membentuk subkelompok tersendiri. Kelompok III adalah kultivar asal Jember dan Cipanas, sedangkan kelompok IV adalah kultivar asal Kadipekso dan Temanggung. Kultivar yang dikoleksi dari daerah yang berdekatan cenderung membentuk kelompok yang sama.
The research was undertaken to obtain drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli through gamma-irradiation and in-vitro selection using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Patchoulina 2 variety was used as the mother plant. Embryogenic calli were induced on three medium formulation (combination of 0.1; 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l 2.4D with 0.1 mg/l BAP). The induced embryogenic calli were then exposed to nine levels of Gamma irradiation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gray) in combination with two levels of PEG (0 and 20%). The results showed that MS media with 2.4-D 0.3 mg/l and BAP 0.1 mg/l was the best medium for callus induction. The ability of calli to survive decreased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The radiosensitivity of patchouli calli showed that LD20 at 14.06 Gray and LD50 at 26.98 Gray. The drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli were obtained from gamma-ray irradiation doses 15, 20, and 25 Gray in selection media 20% PEG has better drought stress tolerance compared to parent Patchoulina 2 variety. Further selection in the glasshouse and field are needed to obtain a candidate variety of patchouli drought tolerance.
<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Beberapa spesies selasih menunjukkan keragaman dalam sifatmorfologi, produksi dan minyak atsirinya. Penelitian dilakukan di KP.Cimanggu – Bogor, bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman sifatmorfologi, produksi dan kandungan utama minyak atsiri selasih. Tujuhnomor koleksi Ocimum spp. antara lain (O. gratissimum, O. basilicum, O.sanctum dan O. minimum ) diamati dengan menanam 50 tanaman/nomor,jarak tanam 40 x 30 cm. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat morfologi,produksi, sifat fisikokimia dan kandungan kimia utama minyak atsiri.Berdasarkan sifat tersebut dilakukan analisis kluster untuk melihatkeragaman tanaman. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan karakter morfologiOcimum spp. beragam, dilihat dari habitus, bentuk dan warna batang,bentuk dan warna daun, bentuk rangkaian dan warna bunga, serta bentukdan warna biji. Produksi terna basah selasih bervariasi antara 34-83 kg/plot(50 tanaman, kumulatif selama 3 kali panen). Antar 2 nomor koleksiruku-ruku hutan secara morfologi susah dibedakan, tetapi dapat dibedakandari aroma daun. Antar 2 nomor aksesi basil dapat dibedakan dari warnadaun, batang dan bunganya. Mutu fisik minyak atsiri koleksi selasih belummemenuhi standard yang dipersyaratkan EOA. Komposisi utama minyakOcimum spp. bervariasi. Aksesi dengan kandungan eugenol tinggi adalahbasil daun keunguan (kadar eugenol 46%) dan ruku-ruku hutan A (kadareugenol 37,04%). Koleksi dengan kandungan methyl Eugenol tinggiadalah basil C (daun hijau) (63,13%), ruku-ruku I (56%) dan selasihngombol B (68%). Nomor koleksi dengan kandungan sineol tinggi(40,03%) adalah ruku-ruku hutan (K), sedangkan kemangi F mempunyaikomposisi kimia utama sitral (43,45%) dan geraniol (21,23%). Hasilanalisa kluster tanaman mengelompok pada 2 kelompok utama. Klusterpertama adalah basil C dan selasih ngombol B. Kluster kedua terdiri dariaksesi A, K, I, D, dan F. Antar ruku-ruku hutan (A, K) mengelompok padasub-kluster yang sama yang mengindikasikan jarak genetiknya dekat.Kemangi F berada pada sub kluster sendiri.Kata kunci : Ocimum spp., keragaman, morfologi, minyak atsiri, produksi,mutu</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Variability of Ocimum spp. based on morphologicalcharacters, yields and herbs qualitySeveral basil species show variation in their morphology,production and essential oils. The research was carried out at CimangguExperimental Garden, Bogor to find out the morphologycal characters,yield variability and major chemical constituent of basil. Sevencollection numbers such as O. gratissimum, O basilikum, O. sanctum danO. minimum planted each consisted of 50 plants grown in 40 x 30 cm rows.Research parameters assesed were morphological characters, herb yield,oil phyisico-chemical characters and their major chemical constituent ofoil. Results showed that al the seven numbers Ocimum spp. variedmorphologically in their stem, leaves and flower’s color. Herb yield ofOcimum spp. ranged from 34 -83 kg fresh herb/plot of 50 plants(cumulative of 3 times harvest). Within species of basil (O. basilucum),variation can be seen clearly from their stem, leaves, flower colour andleaves odours. However, within tree basil (O. gratissimum),morphologically, it is difficult to be differenciated, except the leavesodours. Oil physico-chemical characters are does not meet EOA standardyet. There are variations in major oil constituent of Ocimum spp. Theaccessions having high eugenol content were purple leaf basil (46%) andtree basil A (37.04%). The collections with high methyl eugenol weregreen leaf basil (63.13%), holly basil I (36%), and bush basil B (68%).High eugenol content (40.03%) was found in tree basil K. Meanwhile, themain chemical composition of lemon basil F were citral (43.45%) andgeraniol (21.23%). Cluster analisis based on morphological, agronomicaland major chemical constituent traits are clustered into two main cluster.First cluster consist of basil C and bush basil B. The second cluster consistof A, K, I, D, and F accessions where two accession of tree basil (A,K)placed in the same sub clustered, indicated that they are closed to eachother. Moreover, lemon basil F is placed in its own sub cluster.Key words : Ocimum sp, variability, atsiri oil, production, quality</p>
<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh <em> Ralstonia solanacearum <br /> </em>merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman nilam. Perakitan <br /> varietas nilam tahan terhadap penyakit tersebut yang dilakukan melalui <br /> induksi keragaman somaklonal telah menghasilkan beberapa somaklon <br /> yang tahan terhadap <em>R. solanacearum</em> secara <em>in-vitro</em>. Tujuan penelitian <br /> adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan somaklon tersebut terhadap penyakit <br /> layu pada kondisi rumah kaca (<em>in-vivo</em>). Penelitian disusun dalam <br /> Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 27 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan 10 <br /> tanaman/ulangan. Sebagian akar dari somaklon nilam dilukai (dipotong), <br /> selanjutnya diinokulasi (disiram) dengan suspensi<em> R. solanacearum</em> dengan <br /> berbagai konsentrasi 10<sup>5</sup>, 10<sup>7</sup>, dan 10<sup>9 </sup><em>cfu</em>/ml, sebanyak 50 ml/tanaman. <br /> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan <br /> konsentrasi 10<sup>5 </sup><em>cfu</em>/ml, 50 ml/tanaman semuanya tidak menunjukkan <br /> gejala layu. Somaklon yang diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 107 dan 10<sup>9</sup></p><p><em>cfu</em>/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, sebagian layu dan mati. Dari somaklon yang</p><p>7</p><p>diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 10 <em>cfu</em>/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 8 di antaranya</p><p>menunjukkan respon sangat tahan, 4 tahan, dan 5 agak tahan. Ke 17 <br /> somaklon tersebut mempunyai intensitas penyakit <50% dan semua lebih <br /> tahan dari pada varietas Sidikalang (agak toleran). Dari 17 somaklon yang <br /> diinokulasi dengan konsentrasi 10<sup>9 </sup><em>cfu</em>/ml, 50 ml/tanaman, 2 di antaranya <br /> sangat tahan dan 7 somaklon tahan. Teknik skrining ini dapat digunakan <br /> sebagai metode standar untuk pengujian ketahanan nilam terhadap <br /> penyakit layu.</p><p>Kata kunci: Skrining ketahanan, somaklon, nilam, penyakit layu,<em> R. solanacearum.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em></em>ABSTRACT</p><p>Resistance-Screening of Patchouli Somaclones on Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) </p><p>Bacterial wilt caused by <em>Ralstonia solanacearum </em>is one of the most <br /> important diseases on patchouli. The developing patchouli resistance <br /> varieties against wilt disease conducted through the induction of <br /> somaclonal variation produced resistant patchouli somaclones against <em>R. <br /> </em><em>solanacearum </em>(in-vitro). The aim of this research was to screen the <br /> resistance of those patchouli somaclones against wilt disease under a glass <br /> house condition (in-vivo). The research was conducted in a Randomized <br /> Completely Design with 27 treatments, 3 replicates, and 10 plants/ <br /> replicate. Some roots of the patchouli somaclones were wounded (cut), <br /> then inoculated (drenched) with <em> R. solanacearum</em> suspension in <br /> concentration of 10<sup>5</sup>, 10<sup>7</sup>, and 10<sup>9 </sup><em>cfu</em>/ml; 50 ml/plant. The result showed, <br /> that all the patchouli somaclones inoculated with <em>R. solanacearum</em> 10<sup>5 <br /> </sup>cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were not show any wilt sympthom. Whereas, some <br /> somaclones inoculated with the higher concentration 10<sup>7 </sup>and 109 cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant were wilted and died. Among the somaclones inoculated with the concentration of 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 8 of them were highly resistant, 4 were resistant, and 5 were moderately resistant. The disease intencity of those 17 somaclones were <50% and they were more resistant than the Sidikalang variety (moderately tolerant). Among those 17 <br /> somaclones inoculated with the concentration of 10<sup>9 </sup>cfu/ml, 50 ml/plant, 2 <br /> of them were highly resistant and 7 were resistant. This screening method <br /> could be used as a standard protocol for patchouli resistance screening <br /> against wilt disease.</p><p>Kata kunci: Screening resistance, somaclone, patchouli, wilt disease, <em>R. solanacearum.</em></p>
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