Seeds of the tropical tree Pangium edule Reinw. are widely eaten in Southeast Asia after some treatment or processing. Fermented seeds are a specialty in Indonesia and have been used as spices. Because the tree is wild and has not been cultivated commercially, the physiology of germinated seeds of this tree for food uses is not known. This study reports some biochemical changes during seed germination associated with antioxidant activity and the mobilization of lipids and phenolics. Lipid content decreased, whereas the dominant fatty acids did not change significantly. The dominant fatty acids were oleic acid (C(18:1(n-9))) and linoleic acid (C(18:2(n-6))). During germination, oleic acid decreased while linoleic acid increased proportionally. The hypocotyl synthesized chlorophyll and the tocol composition also changed substantially. The antioxidant activity of phenolic extract increased in proportion to the total phenolics. Guaiacol peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, selected enzymes association with phenolic metabolism, showed that the increased activities coincided with increased total phenolics and free proline.

No abstract

No abstract

<p>This research aimed to study the effect of 2,4-D,<br />AdS, and basal media to the regeneration of pineapple<br />through indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis,<br />and to study the complete event of somatic embryogenesis.<br />Callus formation was induced by 21, 41, and 62 μM 2,4-D<br />with addition of 9 μM TDZ. The non embryogenic calli were<br />transferred onto 4.65 μM Kn containing medium.<br />Embryogenic callus formation was induced on MS or Bac<br />basal media consisted of N-organic compounds with<br />addition of AdS (0, 0.05 and 0.1 μM). The embryogenic calli<br />were regenerated on modified MS medium with addition of<br />0.9 μM IBA, 1.1 μM BA, 0.09 μM GA3 or MS medium<br />supplemented with 0.018 mM BA. The result proved that the<br />single auxin of 2,4-D was not enough to induce embryogenic<br />cells. Therefore the non embryogenic calli were regenerated<br />through organogenesis. The 21 μM 2,4-D yielded high level of<br />callus formation (80%), higher fresh weight (0.2 g/explant)<br />and higher number of shoot (25 shoots/explant in two<br />months). Embryogenic calli were produced on N-organic<br />compounds enriched media. The regeneration medium<br />significantly affected the level of browning, where the MS<br />medium with addition of 0.018 mM BA yielded lower level of<br />browning. There was an interaction of embryogenic callus<br />induction medium and regeneration medium to the number<br />of mature somatic embryos. The embryogenic callus<br />induction on MS medium enriched with N-organic<br />compounds and 0.05 μM AdS followed by the regeneration<br />of somatic embryos on MS medium with addition of 0.018<br />mM BA was the best treatment which yielded 17 mature<br />somatic embryos/explant.</p>