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<p>The Regenerated of Siam Tangerin through Somatic<br />Embryogenesis. Ali Husni, Agus Purwito, Ika Mariska,<br />and Sudarsono. Somatic embryogenesis occurs in most<br />plants that are cultured on a suitable medium in vitro.<br />Somatic embryo may arise from single cells and the embryogenic<br />cells are widely applicable in plant propagation,<br />genetic manipulation and transgenic technologies. The<br />present study was carried out to develop an effective<br />somatic embryogenesis technique to regenerate Siam<br />tangerine plants. Materials used in this study were nucellar<br />tissues of young fruits (30-90 days post anthesis). Induction<br />of embryogenic calli was done by culturing the tissues on<br />three different basal media (MS, MW and MT). Embryo<br />maturation was done on the MW medium + ABA (0; 0.1; 0.3;<br />dan 0.5 mg/l), while germination to plantlet development<br />was done on WS medium + GA3 (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/l).<br />The results showed that among the three media, MW was<br />the best medium for callus induction from nucellar tissues<br />with a success rates 98% for Simadu and 100% for<br />Pontianak. The best maturation of embryo somatic was<br />done on MW medium + ABA 0.5 mg/l with success rates<br />99%, while the best medium for germination and development<br />into planlets was MW medium + 0.5 mg/l GA3 with a<br />success rate 58%.</p>

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<p>This research aimed to study the effect of 2,4-D,<br />AdS, and basal media to the regeneration of pineapple<br />through indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis,<br />and to study the complete event of somatic embryogenesis.<br />Callus formation was induced by 21, 41, and 62 μM 2,4-D<br />with addition of 9 μM TDZ. The non embryogenic calli were<br />transferred onto 4.65 μM Kn containing medium.<br />Embryogenic callus formation was induced on MS or Bac<br />basal media consisted of N-organic compounds with<br />addition of AdS (0, 0.05 and 0.1 μM). The embryogenic calli<br />were regenerated on modified MS medium with addition of<br />0.9 μM IBA, 1.1 μM BA, 0.09 μM GA3 or MS medium<br />supplemented with 0.018 mM BA. The result proved that the<br />single auxin of 2,4-D was not enough to induce embryogenic<br />cells. Therefore the non embryogenic calli were regenerated<br />through organogenesis. The 21 μM 2,4-D yielded high level of<br />callus formation (80%), higher fresh weight (0.2 g/explant)<br />and higher number of shoot (25 shoots/explant in two<br />months). Embryogenic calli were produced on N-organic<br />compounds enriched media. The regeneration medium<br />significantly affected the level of browning, where the MS<br />medium with addition of 0.018 mM BA yielded lower level of<br />browning. There was an interaction of embryogenic callus<br />induction medium and regeneration medium to the number<br />of mature somatic embryos. The embryogenic callus<br />induction on MS medium enriched with N-organic<br />compounds and 0.05 μM AdS followed by the regeneration<br />of somatic embryos on MS medium with addition of 0.018<br />mM BA was the best treatment which yielded 17 mature<br />somatic embryos/explant.</p>