Rohana Kudus is a woman combatant from Minangkabau. She never went to school and only learning by self-educatedly. Even though, her struggle in education have started since childhood. She struggled for the woman education until she died. She struggeled not only through the education instituation but also through the newspaper. The act of Rohana in woman education can be seen trought the founding of Kerajinan Amai Setiia School in Koto Gadang Bukittinggi. In journalist, Rohana is noted as the first journalist woman in Indonesia and founded the newspaper for woman in her home town. She ever invited by the Dutch governance to came to Amstardam, but it was rejected, because she was not able to fight against the cultural construrction which did not permit woman to be active in polict. Finally, Rohana decided to remain her struggle for woman tthrough the journalist and education until she died.
Many factors influence the increasing of domestic violence. They are economics, cultural, the limitation of society knowledge about domestic violence, and the limitation of available formal institution as the place of termination of domestic violence cases. The limitation of the formal institution can be understood, because it relates to the formal problem which is arranged by state, so that, the formal institution cannot be expected fully becomes a place of overcoming it. Considering the cases of domestic violence can be happened in all society, hence, the nearest institution with the society is the local institution where that society resides in. This institution can be in the form of custom institution. Therefore, it can be one of the alternatives in overcoming cases of domestic violence.
This study aims to determine and analyze the survival of women into a single mother. This was a qualitative research type. Single mothers are respondents in this study. Interview and observation carried out in data collection. The results showed that the task of women becomes more difficult if they become single parents. A woman should have a dual role in her family as a mother and father to her children. Mother is looking for a living for her family and their daily needs. It is concluded that a single mother at the same time must be able to overcome economic, psychological, and social problems in the society environment.
Perempuan dalam menjaga kelangsungan rumah tangganya, telah melakukan berbagai strategis dan kebijakan-kebijakan terutama terlihat dari perempuan yang berkerja di sektor publik, seperti perempuan yang terlibat dalam pertanian.Perempuan harus melakukan negosiasi-negosiasi dengan waktu dan pekerjaan sehingga peran dan fungsinya dalam keluarga bisa berjalan dalam keseimbangan.Negosiasi-negosiasi dengan waktu itu sangat menentukan terhadap survivenya rumah tangga dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan kompetisi matrialisme.Perempuan yang terlibat dalam pertanian, telah melakukan negosiasi waktu dalam bentuk random, sesuai dengan kebutuhan keluarga dan berencana.Negosiasi itu, pada kenyataannya telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap kelangsungan sebuah keluarga yang harmonis di kalangan perempuan petani.
This article describes the strengthening of religious moderation to overcome the occurrence of intolerance among campus intellectuals. The research was conducted at the IAIN Bukittinggi campus, where at this campus moderation was carried out through ukhwah-based moderation dialogue, the religious moderation literacy movement and the rumah moderasi beragama program. These reinforcements of moderation were carried out to ward off the intolerance movement among students. The movement to strengthen religious moderation is a must because in an increasingly complex and multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, it is very necessary to have religious meaning and awareness of existence outside of one's ethnicity or religion or group of people.
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