In the recent years, proper animal welfare practices in dairy farming have become an urgent topic to investigate in the animal sciences fields. Practices made in accordance with the five principles of freedom (hunger, thirst, well -being etc.), which are important for animal welfare, will improve the levels of animal welfare and the level of product (milk yield, fertility etc.) quality. There is a multitude of technologies to be selected to achieve proper animal welfare practices. One of the most complex and newest technologies is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is used in many different fields such as nanomaterials, nano-bio system, nanomedicine, nanomineral, nanoimaging, nanoencapsulation, nano lubricants, nanocoating, nano paint, nano insulation, etc. Since animal welfare practices in dairy cattle affect yield, research have been carried out to improve animal welfare nowadays. But the limited information available on the use of nanotechnology as an alternative approach to improve animal welfare has made this research necessary. The purpose of this review is to shed light on further research in this area, and to better understand and select useable nanotechnologies for dairy cattle to improve animal welfare.
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