RESUMo -o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações salinas na germinação, produção inicial de biomassa e estresse oxidativo de quatro genótipos de feijão-miúdo de uso comum na região de São José do Norte-RS. As sementes dos genótipos Amendoim, Mosqueado, Baio e Preto foram semeadas em rolos de papel "germitest" embebido em solução de cloreto de sódio nas concentrações de zero, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mM e colocados para germinar a temperatura constante de 25 ºC. os parâmetros avaliados foram: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes das plântulas, peroxidação de lipídios e atividade específica das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, ascorbato peroxidase e catalase. o aumento da concentração de sal causou efeito negativo à germinação e primeira contagem das sementes dos quatro genótipos de feijão-miúdo a partir do tratamento com 100 mM de sal. Quanto aos parâmetros de crescimento, a análise conjunta das curvas de regressão, mostrou haver igual tendência para os quatro genótipos, com redução expressiva no crescimento concomitante ao aumento do estresse salino. os efeitos desse estresse também foram evidenciados pelo aumento na peroxidação de lipídios no tratamento com 200 mM de sal, seguido pela menor capacidade antioxidante das enzimas, uma vez que, nas concentrações intermediárias de sal, as enzimas antioxidantes atuaram de forma eficiente na eliminação das espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERos), evitando o estresse oxidativo. Estes resultados permitem concluir que, nas doses intermediárias de sal, houve um bom desenvolvimento inicial para os quatro genótipos de feijão-miúdo, sendo a melhor resposta obtida no genótipo Amendoim.Termos para indexação: Vigna unguiculata L., salinidade, germinação, crescimento e estresse oxidativo. viABiLiTY AND ANTioXiDANT ACTiviTY iN SEEDS oF CoWPEAGENoTYPES SUBMiTTED To SALT STRESSABSTRACT -This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different salt concentrations on the germination, initial biomass and oxidative stress of four cowpea genotypes, commonly grown in the São José do Norte region, RS. The seeds of the genotypes Amendoim, Mosqueado,
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar aspectos fisiológicos do desenvolvimento de mudas de café, cultivadas sob telas com diferentes características espectrais. Mudas de Catucaí Amarelo 2SL, no estádio "orelha de onça", foram dispostas em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, sob estruturas cobertas individualmente com telas nas cores azul, branca, cinza, preta e vermelha, com sombreamento de 50%. Quatro meses depois, foram avaliados: o crescimento das mudas, os teores de pigmentos nas folhas, e os de açúcares solúveis totais e o amido das folhas e raízes. A tela vermelha foi a mais eficiente em promover o crescimento em quatro das sete características estudadas: altura das plantas, área e massa de matéria seca foliar e massa de matéria seca total. Para as demais características, não houve diferença entre as telas. A análise dos pigmentos mostrou que, à exceção da tela cinza, as demais não diferiram entre si quanto a esta característica. Nas folhas, a tela vermelha proporcionou maior teor de açúcar e de amido. Na raiz, os teores de carboidratos foram mais elevados com as telas vermelha e preta. Entre as cinco colorações de tela, a vermelha foi a mais eficiente na produção de mudas de café com maior vigor e qualidade, em que se destacam os teores de carboidrato e a fitomassa.Termos para indexação: Coffea arabica, carboidratos, crescimento, pigmentos, qualidade da radiação, viveiro. Physiological aspects of seedling development of coffee grown under colored screensAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological aspects of the development of coffee seedlings grown under colored screens with different spectral characteristics. Seedlings of Catucaí Amarelo 2SL, in the stage known as "orelha de onça", were arranged in a randomized block design, with five replicates, under structures individually covered with blue, white, gray, black or red screens with 50% shade. Four months after, evaluations were done for seedling growth, pigment content of the leaves, total soluble sugars and starch contents of the leaves and roots. The red screen was the most effective in promoting growth in four out of the seven studied traits: plant height, leaf area and leaf dry weight and total dry matter. For the other characteristics, there was no difference among the screens. The pigment analysis showed that, except for the gray screen, the other ones did not differ for this trait. In leaves, the red screen promoted higher levels of carbohydrates and starch. At the root, carbohydrate contents were higher under the red and black screens. Among the five screen colors, the red one was the most efficient in the production of coffee seedlings with higher vigor and quality, with outstanding carbohydrate contents and biomass.
RESUMOConsiderado o nutriente mais importante, tanto no incremento da produção de grãos como no teor protéico destes, o nitrogênio (N) é também o elemento que mais onera a cultura do milho. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar se a aplicação foliar de nitrogênio influencia o acúmulo de proteínas e parâmetros de crescimento de plantas jovens de milho em comparação com a aplicação de uréia via solo. Para tanto, plantas jovens do híbrido de milho BR 206 receberam aplicações de uréia como fonte de N via foliar e via solo nas concentrações de zero; 0,5% e 1,0%. As plantas foram cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação sendo realizadas três aplicações de N, a primeira aos seis dias após a emergência (DAE) num volume de 10 mL por planta e as duas seguintes aos 10 e 14 DAE com 20 mL cada. Aos 18 DAE as plantas foram coletadas e as análises procedidas. Para altura de plantas, volume radicular, área foliar, matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes, observou-se maior eficiência da adubação foliar, principalmente ao nível de 0,5% de uréia. O fornecimento de uréia a 1,0% via solo proporcionou aumento significativo no teor de proteínas nas folhas. Tais resultados sugerem que a adubação foliar pode ser uma maneira eficiente para complementar o que é absorvido pelas raízes, no entanto não deve ser utilizada como fonte única de N inorgânico às plantas.Termos para indexação: Uréia, fertilização foliar, Zea mays L. ABSTRACTConsider the most important nutrient in the increment of grain gield and also the proteic level, nitrogen (N), in addition of this fact, this nutrient is the component that most increases the production cost of maize crop. This study aimed to verify whether the application of leaf nitrogen influences the accumulation of proteins and parameters of growth of young plants of maize compared to the application of urea via soil. For both, young plants of the hybrid maize BR 206 received applications of urea as a source of N via leaf and soil at concentrations of zero, 0.5% and 1.0%. The plants were grown in a greenhouse being held three applications of N, the first for six days after the emergency (DAE) in a volume of 10 ml per plant and the following two to 10 and 14 DAE with 20 ml each. At 18 DAE the plants were collected and analyses proceeded. For plant height, root volum, leaf area, dry weigth of leaf area and root, one verified a higher efficiency of leaf fertilization, mainly at 0,5% level of urea. The application of urea 1,0% via soil caused a significative increase in leaf protein levels. These results suggest that leaf fertilization may be an efficient mode to complement what is uptaken by the roots, although it should not be used as a unique source of inorganic N to the plants. INTRODUÇÃOO milho (Zea mays L.) é uma das culturas de maior importância para o Brasil, não só do ponto de vista econômico, em função da extensa área cultivada, mas também nutricional, em razão da diversidade de utilização, em que se destacam a alimentação humana e animal (DÖBEREINER et al., 1995). A eficiência do uso do nitrogênio (N) em cerea...
Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. is a bush, pioneer and occurs naturally in Brazil. It belongs to the Fabaceae family and it is indicated for recovery of degraded areas because of its rusticity and capacity to tolerate flooding. The present research was carried out to investigate the ability of S. virgata plants to adapt to flooding conditions. Plants containing six expanded leaves were placed in masonry tanks and were subjected to the following conditions: control (well watered), soil-waterlogging (water to the setup level of 1 cm above the soil surface – roots and parts of the stems flooded) and complete submergence (whole plant flooded). The evaluations were conducted on the day of the stress induction and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of the treatment. After 15 days of return to normoxic environment, plant survival was assessed. Growth (height, dry mass of shoots and roots), vigour, carbohydrate content and the activity of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase) were also evaluated. Our results suggested that sesbania plants are tolerant to flooding, because they can survive being submerged for 56 days. The reasons for this tolerance include the accumulation and use of carbohydrates in the leaves and roots, maintenance of growth and the activation of anaerobic metabolism, particularly in steps catalysed by the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase.
The effects of salinity stress on chlorophyll fluorescence and the growth of Brassica napus L were investigated. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient were recorded and analyzed according to the JIP-test which can quantify PSII performance. Salt stress resulted in decreased leaf area and dry matter compared with the control treatment (0 mM NaCl). The most pronounced effects of salt stress were observed with 200 mM NaCl, and the hybrids displayed different levels of sensitivity to stress. The Performance Index (PI ABS ) was the most sensitive parameter to salt stress, which suggests that this parameter can be used to screen genotypes for salt tolerance.Keywords: Canola; growth; JIP-Test, salt stress; spring rapessed oil.Abbreviations: ABS, absorption of light energy; Chl, chlorophyll; ET, conversion of excitation energy to electron transport (ET); ET o /ABS, electron transport activity; F 0 , F V , and F M -minimal, variable and maximum Chl fluorescence of PSII in the dark adapted state; F V /F M = φ Po = TR 0 /ABS, maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry; F 0 ', F V ' and F M ' -minimal, variable and maximum Chl fluorescence in the light adapted state; F V '/F M ', efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII reaction centers; FW, fresh weight; PI ABS , Performance Index; PSII, photosystem II; Q A , electron acceptor of PSII; qP, photochemical quenching coefficient; RC/ABS, ratio of reaction centers and the absorbance; TR, trapping of excitation energy; φ PSII , actual PSII efficiency; φ Eo = ET 0 /ABS, quantum yield of electron transport; φ Do , quantum yield of dissipation; Ψ o = ET 0 /TR 0 , yield of electron transport per trapped exciton; PAR, photosynthetic active radiation.
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