Highlights d scRNA-seq reveals intestinal immune cell programs in allergic inflammation d Intestinal KLRG1 + ILC2s express a-CGRP and its receptors d a-CGRP regulates type 2 cytokine production of KLRG1 + ILC2s d a-CGRP maintains KLRG1 + ILC2 homeostasis and the type 2 immune machinery
Shellfish is one of the major allergen sources worldwide, and tropomyosin (Tm) is the predominant allergic protein in shellfish. Probiotics has been appreciated for its beneficial effects on the host, including anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, although the underlying mechanisms were not fully understood. In this study, oral administration of probiotic strain Bifidobacterium infantis 14.518 (Binf) effectively suppressed Tm-induced allergic response in a mouse model by both preventive and therapeutic strategies. Further results showed that Binf stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and CD103+ tolerogenic DCs accumulation in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, which subsequently induced regulatory T cells differentiation for suppressing Th2-biased response. We also found that Binf regulates the alterations of gut microbiota composition. Specifically, the increase of Dorea and decrease of Ralstonia is highly correlated with Th2/Treg ratio and may contribute to alleviating Tm-induced allergic responses. Our findings provide molecular insight into the application of Binf in alleviating food allergy and even gut immune homeostasis.
Our study indicated that systematic inflammation and metabolites might be a pathway linking the gut microbiome with insomnia. These findings provide new insights and a better understanding of gut microbiota's role in insomnia as well as potential novel microbiome-related etiologies for insomnia.
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder of unclear etiology characterized by individuals experiencing the inability to sleep or the difficulty staying asleep. Gut-brain interaction is being explored with the intent of discerning gut microbiota and its role in many brain-related conditions including insomnia. The number and diversity of gut microbiota that colonize the digestive tract could have a significant association with insomnia, given the microbes that colonize the digestive tract integrate with and impact on the central nervous system, the immune system and multiple metabolic pathways. We aim to examine the diversity and to explore the functional impact of gut microbiota in insomniacs by examining fecal microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, serum metabolome using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and various immune factors. Our results discover altered and distinct gut microbiota in insomniacs, with enriched Desulfovibrio, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, and decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium, Gardnerella, Sneathia, Aerococcus and Atopobium. Non-targeted metabolomics identify 31 aberrant metabolites and implicate metabolic pathways in insomniacs. Most importantly, correlations across gut microbiome, serum metabolome and inflammatory factors are unraveled. Our study provides a better understanding of gut microbiota’s role in insomnia and new insights into potential novel etiologies for insomnia.
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