In this
research, the performance and emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition
engine fuelled with varying proportion of propanol-camphor and gasoline
blends were investigated. The physicochemical properties such as specific
gravity, viscosity, fire point, flash point, and iodine value (I.V.)
of the blends were determined, and the values obtained conform to
the ASTM standard. Sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5 g of camphor)
had the best physicochemical property values higher than those of
the least sample of P15B by the following percentages: specific gravity
(0.5%), viscosity (30.8%), fire point (5.08%), flash point (21.8%),
and I.V. sample (0.5%). Also, the engine performance parameters such
as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure
(BMEP), and specific fuel consumption were generated from the engine-measured
parameters. Sample P0B has the best specific fuel consumption for
the torque of 3 N m with a value of 22.77 kg/kW h, and sample P0A
(100% of pure gasoline) has the best fuel consumption for a torque
of 6 N m with a value of 12.52 kg/kW h. For brake thermal efficiency,
sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two constant
torques with a value of 0.36 for torque 3 N m and 0.67 for torque
6 N m. Sample P15C (85% of gasoline, 15% of propanol, and 5 g of camphor)
gives the best BMEP at torque 3 N m with a value of 1.92 bar, and
sample P5C (95% of gasoline, 5% of propanol, and 10 g of camphor)
gives the best BMEP at 6 N m with a value of 3.85 bar. Exhaust emissions
were analyzed for unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO),
carbon dioxide (CO
2
), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The results
showed that increasing the blending percentage reduces the emitted
concentration of CO, HC, and NOx. Carbon monoxide emission was found
to be lowest at sample P10A (90% of gasoline and 10% of propanol)
for torque 3 N m with a value of 0.16, and at torque 6 N m, the sample
with the lowest percentage was P15C with a percentage of 0.21.
