In this research, the performance and emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition engine fuelled with varying proportion of propanol-camphor and gasoline blends were investigated. The physicochemical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, fire point, flash point, and iodine value (I.V.) of the blends were determined, and the values obtained conform to the ASTM standard. Sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5 g of camphor) had the best physicochemical property values higher than those of the least sample of P15B by the following percentages: specific gravity (0.5%), viscosity (30.8%), fire point (5.08%), flash point (21.8%), and I.V. sample (0.5%). Also, the engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and specific fuel consumption were generated from the engine-measured parameters. Sample P0B has the best specific fuel consumption for the torque of 3 N m with a value of 22.77 kg/kW h, and sample P0A (100% of pure gasoline) has the best fuel consumption for a torque of 6 N m with a value of 12.52 kg/kW h. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two constant torques with a value of 0.36 for torque 3 N m and 0.67 for torque 6 N m. Sample P15C (85% of gasoline, 15% of propanol, and 5 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at torque 3 N m with a value of 1.92 bar, and sample P5C (95% of gasoline, 5% of propanol, and 10 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at 6 N m with a value of 3.85 bar. Exhaust emissions were analyzed for unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The results showed that increasing the blending percentage reduces the emitted concentration of CO, HC, and NOx. Carbon monoxide emission was found to be lowest at sample P10A (90% of gasoline and 10% of propanol) for torque 3 N m with a value of 0.16, and at torque 6 N m, the sample with the lowest percentage was P15C with a percentage of 0.21.
Emissions from use of fossil fuels have consistently posed significant threat to the environment and wellbeing of man. This has prompted several studies aimed at finding solution to the emissions and their effects. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of adding pentanol and biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera seed to pure diesel content of 70% by volume. pentanol and biodiesel make up the remaining 30 percent by volume and were also varied, with pentanol percentage being increased from 2 percent to 8 percent so as to carefully monitored the effects of adding pentanol while the Moringa oleifera biodiesel made up the balance for the 30%. These blends were labelled according to the percentage composition of biodiesel and pentanol (B28P2, B26P4, B24P6, B24P6, and B22P8). The physicochemical properties of all blends such as viscosity, density, pour point, acid value and iodine value determined. From the result of the engine performance and emission tests, B24P6 blend has been noted to have the best engine performance parameters, haven shown the best engine brake power of 19.787 kW, and with the highest engine brake thermal efficiency of 19.78%.While in term of engine emission, B22P8 blend, have the lowest Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, with a value of 82.4994 ppm which is about 3% lower than that of pure diesel, while B26P4 have the lowest carbon monoxide (CO) emission among all the samples tested with value of 6.1556 ppm which is about 58% lower than that of Petro diesel. However, blends appeared to have good brake mean effective pressure except for B22P8 which have the lowest BMEP, that’s about 2.8% lower than that of Petro diesels. Conclusively, the addition of Moringa oleifera biodiesel with pentanol improved the diesel quality, yielding good improvement in engine performance and emission. Keywords: Diesel, biodiesel, pentanol, biofuel blends, Moringa oleifera seed, engine emissions
Fossil fuel engine emissions are a well-known environmental and health hazard. The present study explores a novel approach to mitigating emissions by blending pentanol and biodiesel produced from Neem seed oil with pure diesel to address this issue. The blend consists of 70% pure diesel and 30% biodiesel/pentanol, with pentanol concentrations ranging from 3-12% by volume. The resulting mixtures are labelled according to their biodiesel and pentanol content (B27P3, B24P6, B21P9, and B18P12). To determine the optimal blend, a simplex-lattice design optimization is performed. The results indicate that the blend containing 25.39 vol.% neem seed oil biodiesel and 4.61 vol.% pentanol demonstrates the best engine emission properties. Moreover, the study shows that adding pentanol to the diesel-neem seed oil biodiesel blend significantly improves engine performance. Therefore, the results suggest that diesel-biodiesel-alcohol blends hold promise as a potential alternative fuel source.
In this research injector, cleaner, and camphor were blended with premium motor spirit (PMS). Physicochemical properties and effects on performance and exhaust emission on spark ignition engines were investigated. Samples with injector cleaner show the best physicochemical properties as compared to the sole petrol and camphor blended samples having a density of 0.72706kg/m2 (I5), a flashpoint of 47oC by sample (I5, I10, I15,) and 48oC by I25, and 1.7 viscosity, performance analysis shows that I25 at 3Nm has a specific fuel consumption of 45.51kgkwh-1 and 27.2 kgkwh-1 which is best recorded among all the samples, also the sample (I25) has shown the least emission of CO and CO2 with a 0.2% and 0.13% at 3Nm and 6Nm for CO emission and 1.22 and 1.47% for CO2 at 3Nm and 6 Nm respectively, concerning NOx emissions also sample I25,shows the best result were it reordered highest NOx emission reductions with a value of 312 and 342ppm at 3 and 6 Nm engine torque. with this it was concluded that injector cleaner blends are better as compared with camphor blends.
In this work, pentanol and camphor blended with petrol in different proportions were used on spark-ignition engines to evaluate their performance, characteristics, and emissions. Sample P0A (gasoline) showed the best specific fuel consumption for the lower torque (3Nm) with a value of 19.2Kg/kWh, and sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5% camphor) had the best fuel consumption for the higher torque (6Nm) with a value of 12.9Kg/Kwh. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two-constant torque with a value of 0.34 for torque 3Nm and 0.65 for torque 6Nm respectively. Sample P15A (85% of gasoline and 15% of pentanol) gives the best BMEP at torque 3Nm with a value of 1.97bar and sample P5C (95% of gasoline and15% of pentanol) gives the best BMEP at 6Nm with a value of 3.87 bar.
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