Effects of Propanol and Camphor Blended with Gasoline Fuel on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

Abstract

In this research, the performance and emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition engine fuelled with varying proportion of propanol-camphor and gasoline blends were investigated. The physicochemical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, fire point, flash point, and iodine value (I.V.) of the blends were determined, and the values obtained conform to the ASTM standard. Sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5 g of camphor) had the best physicochemical property values higher than those of the least sample of P15B by the following percentages: specific gravity (0.5%), viscosity (30.8%), fire point (5.08%), flash point (21.8%), and I.V. sample (0.5%). Also, the engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and specific fuel consumption were generated from the engine-measured parameters. Sample P0B has the best specific fuel consumption for the torque of 3 N m with a value of 22.77 kg/kW h, and sample P0A (100% of pure gasoline) has the best fuel consumption for a torque of 6 N m with a value of 12.52 kg/kW h. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two constant torques with a value of 0.36 for torque 3 N m and 0.67 for torque 6 N m. Sample P15C (85% of gasoline, 15% of propanol, and 5 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at torque 3 N m with a value of 1.92 bar, and sample P5C (95% of gasoline, 5% of propanol, and 10 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at 6 N m with a value of 3.85 bar. Exhaust emissions were analyzed for unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The results showed that increasing the blending percentage reduces the emitted concentration of CO, HC, and NOx. Carbon monoxide emission was found to be lowest at sample P10A (90% of gasoline and 10% of propanol) for torque 3 N m with a value of 0.16, and at torque 6 N m, the sample with the lowest percentage was P15C with a percentage of 0.21.

Optimization of Transducer Location for Novel Non-Intrusive Methodologies of Diagnosis in Diesel Engines

“…It can be seen that contributions of combustion process towards noise emissions occurs at wider frequency bands when compared with cylinder pressure PSD plots. This may be due to several non-linear paths of noise propagation through engine as discussed in [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Noise PSD plots were characterized by high frequency components that may be due to several other contributing sources.…”

“…Among the advanced techniques, monitoring of noise and vibration emissions from engines, are important benchmarks for various choice of customers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Various diagnosis methodologies adopted in case of diesel engines for their condition monitoring includes:…”

Prospects of Producing Higher Alcohols from Carbon Dioxide: A Process System Engineering Perspective

“…These alcohols also have higher combustion efficiencies due to their higher-octane numbers than gasoline. Blending of alcohols with fuels has been shown to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and particulate matter upon combustion, while offering engine performance higher or comparable to gasoline. − In addition, the alcohols are liquid at ambient temperature and pressure and can be stored in nonpressurized tanks.…”

Buji ile Ateşlemeli Bir Motorda Sentetik Mangan Katkısı ile Fuzel Yağı-Benzin Karışımlarının Performans ve Emisyonlara Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

“…Benzin içerisinde biyoetanol kullanımı zararlı emisyon CO ve HC'yi düşürmektedir [22][23][24][25][26]. Benzin içerisine etanolbütanol [27][28][29], propanol ve camphor [30] ilavesi benzer sonuçlar vermiştir. Solketal, biyodizel üretimi sırasında ortaya çıkan ve gliserin ile aseton reaksiyonu sonucu üretilen bir kimyasaldır.…”