Natural products play an important role as nutritional supplements and provide potential health benefits in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Compiling data from experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies indicates that dietary nutrients have profound cardioprotective effects in the primary as well as secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, hence they are considered as cardiovascular friendly natural products. The mechanism of cardioprotection produced by dietary nutritional supplements such as flavonoids (citrus fruits, pulses, red wine, tea and cocoa), olive oil, omega-3 (omega-3) fatty acids (fish oil and fish-based products), lycopene (tomato and tomato-based products), resveratrol (grapes and red wine), coffee, and soy in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders have been discussed in the present review, with the emphasis of epidemiological and clinical studies. Based on the intriguing results of various studies, prophylactic and therapeutic potential of cardiovascular friendly natural products have been suggested. The supplementation of cardiovascular friendly natural products needs to be considered in all populations who have high prevalence of CVD.
ISIS 104838, a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE)-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), causes a moderate, reproducible, dose-dependent, but selflimiting decrease in platelet (PLT) counts in monkeys and humans. To determine the etiology of PLT decrease in cynomolgus monkeys, a 12-week repeat dose toxicology study in 5 cynomolgus monkeys given subcutaneous injections of ISIS 104838 (30-60 mg/kg/week). Monkeys were also injected intravenously with 111Indium(In)-oxine-labeled PLTs to investigate PLT sequestration. In response to continued dosing, PLT counts were decreased by 50%-90% by day 30 in all monkeys. PLT decreases were accompanied by 2- to 4.5-fold increases in immunoglobulin M(IgM), which were typified by a 2- to 5-fold increase in antiplatelet factor 4 (antiPF4) IgM and antiPLT IgM, respectively. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 increased upon dosing of ISIS 104838, concomitant with a 2- to 6-fold increase in monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), indicating monocyte activation but not PLT activation. Despite a 2- to 3-fold increase in von Willebrand factor antigen in all monkeys following ASO administration, only 2 monkeys showed a 2- to 4-fold increase in endothelial EVs. Additionally, a ∼60 - 80%% increase in PLT sequestration in liver and spleen was also observed. Collectively, these results suggest the overall increase in total IgM, antiPLT IgM and/or antiPF4 IgM, in concert with monocyte activation contributed to increased PLT sequestration in spleen and liver, leading to decreased PLTs in peripheral blood.
Intubation times were similar with the APA and Macintosh laryngoscopes in mannequins with normal airways. However, intubation with the APA was significantly faster than with the GlideScope in the difficult mannequin simulation.
The 1 mm long Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the prime research tools to study different human neurodegenerative diseases. We have considered the case in which increase in the surrounding temperature of this multicellular model leads to abnormal bursts of neuronal cells that can be linked to seizure or convulsion. The induction of such seizure/convulsion mechanism was done by gradually increasing the temperature with 1x buffer (100 mM NaCl, 50 mM MgCl(2)) in adult C. elegans. In the present experiment it is demonstrated that Baccoside A can significantly reduce the seizure/convulsion in C. elegans at higher temperatures (26-28+/-1 degrees C). Furthermore, in T-type Ca(2+) channel cca-1 mutant worms, no convulsion was recorded. Our experimental results suggest that plant molecules from Bacopa monnieri may be useful in suppressing the seizure/convulsion in worms.
Cassia auriculata traditionally has been used to treat diabetes from ancient times. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action for the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extract of C. auriculata (CLEt) in streptozotocin-induced mildly diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) rats. CLEt was orally administered to MD and SD rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg once a day for 15 days. CLEt-treated MD and SD rats showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose. Assessment of plasma insulin and C-peptide following treatment with CLEt revealed significant elevation in their levels. Administration of CLEt enhanced the activity of hepatic hexokinase and phosphofructokinase and suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in both MD and SD rats. A significant rise in glycogen content was also observed in both liver and muscles of CLEt-fed MD and SD rats. Histopathological examination of pancreatic sections revealed increased number of islets and beta-cells in CLEt-treated MD as well as SD rats. The findings of the study suggest that the antidiabetic effect of CLEt could be due to its insulinogenic action. In addition, impaired glucose homeostasis was improved by feeding the extract through amelioration in the carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Thus, the extract may exert an antidiabetic effect through pancreatic as well as extrapancreatic action.
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