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Moderate intensity aerobic exercise helps in normalizing ALT levels in patients with NASH.

Bioassay tests were conducted to _nd out the nematicidal activity of eight essential oils against Meloido`yne inco`! nita "Kofoid and White# Chitwood at four concen! trations[ Maximum activity was recorded in oils of Eucalyptus citriodora\ Eucalyptus hybrida and Ocimum basilicum followed by Pelar`onium`raveolens\ Cym! bopo`on martinii\ Mentha arvensis\ Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata oils\ respectively[ The eucalyptus "E[ citriodora and E[ hybrida# and Indian basil "O[ basilicum# oils were highly toxic to M[ inco`nita even at the lower concentrations\ namely 499 and 149 ppm[ The remaining oils were also toxic to the nematode but at di}erent amounts[ Zusammenfassung Essentielle O Ýle als Quelle von Nematiziden Die biologische Aktivita Ãt von 7 essentiellen O Ýlen gegen Meloido`yne inco`nita "Kofoid and White# Chitwood wurde in vier Konzentrationen in einem Bioassay ermit! telt[ Die ho à chste Aktivita Ãt wurde in den O Ýlen aus Eucalyp! tus citriodora\ E[ hybrida und Ocimum basilicum festgestellt\ gefolgt von Pelar`onium`raveolens\ Cymbo! po`on martinii\ Mentha arvensis\ M[ piperita bzw[ M[ spicata[ Die O Ýle des Eucalyptus "E[ citriodora und E[ hybirda# sowie des indischen Basilikums "O[ basilicum# wirkten sehr toxisch gegen M[ inco`nita\ selbst bei den niedrigeren Konzentrationen von 499 und 149 p[p[m[ Die anderen O Ýle wirkten zwar auch als Nematizide\ jedoch in einer anderen Gro à )enordnung[ Keywords] essential oils\ nematicidal activity\ root!knot nematode

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Background:The term gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is used to refer to those mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which express CD117, a c-kit proto-oncogene protein.Aims:To study the cytological features of GIST and extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST), to correlate them with histology and to determine cytological indicators of malignancy.Materials and Methods:Cytological smears from patients diagnosed as GIST/EGIST on histology were retrieved. From Jan 2000 to July 2010, 26 GIST (13 primary, 12 metastatic, one recurrent) and seven EGIST (5 primary, one metastatic, one recurrent) cytologic samples from 27 patients were identified.Results:The patients included 20 males and 7 females with a mean age of 50.6 years. Tumor sites included stomach (5), duodenum (5), ileum (2), ileocecal (1), rectum (1), liver (9), retroperitoneum (5), mesentery (1), subcutaneous nodule (1), supra-penile lump (1), ascitic (1) and pleural fluids (1). The smears were cellular with cohesive to loosely cohesive thinly spread irregularly outlined cell clusters held together by thin calibre vessels. The tumor cells were mild to moderately pleomorphic, spindle to epithelioid with variable chromatin pattern and variable cytoplasm. Cellular dyscohesion, nuclear pleomorphism, intranuclear pseudoinclusions, prominent nucleoli, mitosis and necrosis were more prominent in malignant, metastatic and recurrent tumors.Conclusions:GISTs show a wide spectrum of cytological features and the presence of mitosis, necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism can help in prediction of malignant behavior. Further, cytology is a very useful screening modality in patients of GIST and EGIST to detect early recurrence and metastasis at follow-up.

Food legumes are widely grown as a source of protein in semiarid and tropical regions, but production is often limited by the large variation in the amount and distribution of rainfall. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.), often planted after rice (Oryza sativa L.), were compared for response to a season‐long moisture stress on medium‐deep Tropudalf soil, using a line‐source sprinkler irrigation system during the January to April 1982 dry season. Drought stress reduced seed yield of all four food legumes, but the reduction due to water stress was greater in mungbean followed by soybean, cowpea, and peanut. Mungbean produced significantly lower yields at all moisture levels than the other legumes. Total water use by peanut was highest, followed by cowpea, soybean, and mungbean. Among yield components, the numbr of pods per square meter was most affected by water stress in all four species, followed by number of seeds per pod, while seed weight was least affected. Harvest index decreased Linearly with increasing levels of drought for all four species.

Alpha linolenic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid and is reported to have the anti-cancer potential with no defined hypothesis or mechanism/s. Henceforth present study was in-quested to validate the effect of alpha linolenic acid on mitochondrial apoptosis, hypoxic microenvironment and de novo fatty acid synthesis using in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The IC50 value of alpha linolenic acid was recorded to be 17.55μM against ER+MCF-7 cells. Treatment with alpha linolenic acid was evident for the presence of early and late apoptotic signals along with mitochondrial depolarization, when studied through acridine orange/ethidium bromide and JC-1 staining. Alpha linolenic acid arrested the cell cycle in G2/M phase. Subsequently, the in-vivo efficacy was examined against 7, 12-dimethylbenz anthracene induced carcinogenesis. Treatment with alpha linolenic acid demarcated significant effect upon the cellular proliferation as evidenced through decreased in alveolar bud count, restoration of the histopathological architecture and loss of tumor micro vessels. Alpha linolenic acid restored the metabolic changes to normal when scrutinized through 1H NMR studies. The immunoblotting and qRT-PCR studies revealed participation of mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis pathway and curtailment of hypoxic microenvironment after treatment with alpha linolenic acid. With all above, it was concluded that alpha linolenic acid mediates mitochondrial apoptosis, curtails hypoxic microenvironment along with inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis to impart anticancer effects.