Factors Influencing Post Rehabilitation Outcomes of Cerebrovascular Accident Patients with Lower than 90 Points on the FIM in a Convalescence Rehabilitation Ward 浅川 育世 1,2) 居村 茂幸 3) 臼田 滋 1) 菅谷公美子 4) 可児 佑子 4) YASUTSUGU ASAKAWA 1,2) , SHIGEYUKI IMURA 3) , SHIGERU USUDA 1) , KUMIKO SUGAYA 4) , YUKO KANI 4)

The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze differences in diaphragmatic motion between supine and prone positioning during resting breathing using dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Total diaphragmatic motion (TDM), defined as total excursion of the anterior (ANT), central (CNT), and posterior (PST) diaphragm, was 61 mm in the supine position and 63 mm in the prone position. No significant difference in TDM was apparent in response to change in positioning. Diaphragmatic motion was greatest in the PST > CNT > ANT with supine positioning, and PST > ANT ≈ CNT with prone positioning. In both positions, motion tended to be greatest in the posterior diaphragm. However, relative changes in CNT and PST were less with prone than with supine positioning. These findings suggest that ventilation in the posterior lung fields is decreased to a greater extent with prone than with supine positioning.

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In this study, we demonstrate the avalanche multiplication phenomenon in a crystalline-selenium (c-Se)-based heterojunction photodiode. The carrier injection from an external electrode, which is considered to be the major factor contributing to dark current at a high electric field, was significantly decreased by employing a thin n-type Ga2O3 layer with a high hole-injection barrier. The fabricated Ga2O3/c-Se diode exhibited extremely high external quantum efficiency of over 100% in the short-wavelength region at a relatively low reverse-bias voltage of ∼20 V. Furthermore, Sn-doping of the Ga2O3 layer increases the carrier concentration; hence, the resulting device has a lower threshold voltage for avalanche multiplication.

The recent improvements of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors are playing an essential role in emerging high-definition video cameras, which provide viewers with a stronger sensation of reality. However, the devices suffer from decreasing sensitivity due to the shrinkage of pixels. We herein address this problem by introducing a hybrid structure comprising crystalline-selenium (c-Se)-based photoconversion layers and 8 K resolution (7472 × 4320 pixels) CMOS field-effect transistors (FETs) to amplify signals using the avalanche multiplication of photogenerated carriers. Using low-defect-level NiO as an electric field buffer and an electron blocking layer, we confirmed signal amplification by a factor of approximately 1.4 while the dark current remained low at 2.6 nA/cm2 at a reverse bias voltage of 22.6 V. Furthermore, we successfully obtained a brighter image based on the amplified signals without any notable noise degradation.

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The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze differences in normal diaphragmatic motions during spontaneous breathing (SB) and maximal deep breathing (MDB) using dynamic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (dynamic MRI), to examine whether there is correlation between total diaphragmatic motion during MDB and BMI, vital capacity (VC), and chest expansion. Mean cephalocaudal distance in diaphragmatic motion was 14 mm in the ventral region, 20 mm in the central region, 27 mm in the dorsal region during SB, and 41 mm in the ventral region, 64-67 mm in the central region, and 74 mm in the dorsal region during MDB. No correlation was apparent between total diaphragmatic motion during MDB and BMI, VC, or chest expansion.