Digestibility of mannooligosaccharides obtained from thermal hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds was examined by in vitro digestion method. Mannooligosaccharides were resistant to human salivary ␣-amylase, artificial gastric juice, porcine pancreatic enzymes and rat intestinal mucous enzymes. Fermentation products of mannooligosaccharides in human large intestine were estimated by in vitro fecal incubation method. Mannooligosaccharides were fermented by human fecal bacteria and the products of fermentation were short chain fatty acids. Acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids were the main short chain fatty acids as end fermentation products. These results suggest that mannooligosaccharides are indigestible saccharides and are converted to short chain fatty acids in human large intestine. The short chain fatty acids are thought to improve the large intestinal environment. Moreover, they are absorbed and utilized by the host as an energy source.
Mice were fed either a high fat diet or a high fat diet containing 1% mannooligosaccharides (MOS) for twelve weeks. The effects of MOS on fat accumulation and excretion were examined. After twelve weeks, the percentage weight of the fat and hepatic triglyceride level were significantly lower in the MOS group than that of the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). Furthermore, the serum triglyceride level had a decreasing tendency in the MOS group (p = 0.058). On the other hand, the fecal triglyceride level as well as the amount of fat excreted significantly increased in the MOS group (p < 0.05). This study showed that the administration of MOS lessened the fat accumulation in the parametrial adipose tissue and the liver while at the same time increased the amount of fat being excreted. These results indicate that MOS may prevent the fat storage through inhibiting the intestinal absorption of dietary fat in a high fat diet.
Liquid coffee and milk based liquid coffee, both containing 1.0 g of mannooligosaccharides (MOS) from coffee mannan, were administered to two groups of six subjects each. The subjects consumed one or the other of the beverage everyday for two weeks. The level of fat in their excrement was subsequently analyzed. In both liquid coffee (p < 0.05, respectively) and milk based liquid coffee (p < 0.05, respectively), the concentration of the beverage containing MOS intake showed a significant decrease in comparison with the placebo and interval or those who did not drink any coffee. The result suggests that the intake of MOS can increase the level of fat excreted from the body irrespective.
A liquid coffee drink containing mannooligosaccharides from coffee mannan (MOS) was administered to a group of healthy adults. Subsequently, the amount of fat excreted from the body was examined. The subjects were divided into two groups: One was administered a liquid coffee drink containing MOS 3.0 g/day whereas the other was administered a placebo drink for seven days. Both groups were fed the standardized meals during the experiment. In the amount of average excreted fat, the drink containing MOS intake showed a significant increase in comparison with the before intake group and placebo intake group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, fat utilization in MOS intake group was significantly lower than the before intake group and the placebo group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). These results suggested that the intake of MOS 3.0 g/day increased in the amount of excreted fat and decreased in fat utilization.
Mannooligosaccharides (MOS) were purified from the thermally hydrolyzed mannan in spent coffee grounds, with the aim of achieving the full utilization of natural unused food material. The effects of MOS on fecal microflora and the defecating conditions in eight healthy volunteers were investigated. The subjects were administered MOS at 1.0 g/day and 3.0 g/day for 2 weeks. A 2 week interval was observed between the two dose intake periods. The content of Bifidobacterium significantly increased during the two periods (pϽ Ͻ0.05). It appeared that MOS intake had a tendency to increase the content of Bifidobacterium in fecal microflora depending on the dosage level. Defecating conditions were also improved at both dosage levels (pϽ Ͻ0.05). These results suggested that MOS ingestion caused Bifidobacterium to be the predominant bacteria in the intestine and improved defecation.
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