The exchange bias (EB) effect has been observed in magnetic Bi0.9Gd0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 nanoparticles. The influence of magnetic field cooling on the exchange bias effect has also been investigated. The magnitude of the exchange bias field (HEB) increases with the cooling magnetic field, showing that the strength of the exchange bias effect is tunable by the field cooling. The HEB values are also found to be dependent on the temperature. This magnetically tunable exchange bias obtained at temperatures up to 250 K in Bi0.9Gd0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 nanoparticles may be worthwhile for potential applications.
synopsisPolyimide precursors were synthesized from a diamine and a diacid chloride that was derived from the reactant with promellitic dianhydride and 0-nitrobenzyl alcohol. Their thermal properties were studied in nitrogen using dynamic thermogravimetry, and the photoreaction mechanism was investigated by ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry. The polyimide precursors were spin-coated onto silicon wafers, prebaked, and then exposed to W light from a high pressure Hg-Xe lamp. When the f i l m s were dipped into 2% aqueous KOH after irradiation, the expased area dissolved forming high resolution Patterns. Relative sensitivities of the polymers were determined.
We study a quasicontinuum system for which there exists a sparse dressed state composed of the ground state and a single state of the true continuum. In general, the loss of population from the ground state to a true continuum via the quasicontinuum is total. In a special case, however, population is trapped in the ground state and the sparse dressed state is replaced by a trapping state containing no contribution from the true continuum.
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