Impact of modular organization on dynamical richness in cortical networks

Yamamoto, Hideaki; Moriya, Shinji; Ide, Katsuya; Hayakawa, Takeshi; Akima, Hisanao; Sato, Shusei; Kubota, Shigeru; Takenaka, Takashi; Niwano, Michio; Teller, Sara; Soriano, Jordi; Hirano‐Iwata, Ayumi

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4914

Cited by 92 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…In the context of highly modular architectures, this long range loss turns into a favorable mechanism that allows the maintenance of activity in localized regions. We also note that, if damage is viewed as a controlled silencing of neurons, spatial features provide direct mechanisms to dynamically couple microcircuits, allowing to tune the dynamical state of the system from whole-network activation to segregated activity, in the same fashion as observed in the functional organization of engineered neuronal cultures 35 and brain networks. 36,37 In a nutshell, our work sheds light on two central results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…An important strength of our work is that it lays the foundation for mimicking the structure of living circuits, in particular, neuronal cultures, and study their behavior upon damage. Recent studies 35 have shown the potential of neuroengineering to prepare speci c con gurations such as modular circuits. Thus, we can use our approach to predict the vulnerability of certain designs and explore possible recovery mechanisms of the living networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of targeted attack on the spontaneous activity in spatial and biologically-inspired neuronal networks

Faci-Lázaro

Soriano

Gómez‐Gardeñes

2019

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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We study the structural and dynamical consequences of damage in spatial neuronal networks. Inspired by real in vitro networks, we construct directed networks embedded in a two-dimensional space and follow biological rules for designing the wiring of the system. As a result, synthetic cultures display strong metric correlations similar to those observed in real experiments. In its turn, neuronal dynamics is incorporated through the Izhikevich model adopting the parameters derived from observation in real cultures. We consider two scenarios for damage, targeted attacks on those neurons with the highest out-degree and random failures. By analyzing the evolution of both the giant connected component and the dynamical patterns of the neurons as nodes are removed, we observe that network activity halts for a removal of 50% of the nodes in targeted attacks, much lower than the 70% node removal required in the case of random failures. Notably, the decrease of neuronal activity is not gradual. Both damage scenarios portray "boosts" of activity just before full silencing that are not present in equivalent random (Erdös-Rényi) graphs. These boosts correspond to small, spatially compact subnetworks that are able to maintain high levels of activity. Since these subnetworks are absent in the equivalent random graphs, we hypothesize that metric correlations facilitate the existence of local circuits su ciently integrated to maintain activity, shaping an intrinsic mechanism for resilience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of targeted attack on the spontaneous activity in spatial and biologically-inspired neuronal networks

Faci-Lázaro

Soriano

Gómez‐Gardeñes

2019

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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“…In vitro experiments in combination with network analyses thus provide an excellent platform to relate connectivity failure with functional alterations and recovery mechanisms. The gap between in vivo and in vitro architectures can be reduced through neuroengineering, which allows to mimic major organizational (Aebersold et al, 2016) and dynamical (Yamamoto et al, 2018) features of brain circuits while maintaining full access to neurons and connections. The analysis of damage and recovery in these advanced designs will open new avenues for understanding the link between complex network topologies, damage and functional resilience, more prominently in the context of modular organization (Sporns and Betzel, 2016), and node centrality (Alstott et al, 2009;Fornito et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Functional Recovery after Focal Damage in Neuronal Cultures

Teller

Estévez-Priego

Granell

et al. 2019

eNeuro

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Damage in biological neuronal networks triggers a complex functional reorganization whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. To delineate this reorganization process, here we investigate the functional alterations of in vitro rat cortical circuits following localized laser ablation. The analysis of the functional network configuration before and after ablation allowed us to quantify the extent of functional alterations and the characteristic spatial and temporal scales along recovery. We observed that damage precipitated a fast rerouting of information flow that restored network's communicability in about 15 min. Functional restoration was led by the immediate neighbors around trauma but was orchestrated by the entire network. Our in vitro setup exposes the ability of neuronal circuits to articulate fast responses to acute damage, and may serve as a proxy to devise recovery strategies in actual brain circuits. Moreover, this biological setup can become a benchmark to empirically test network theories about the spontaneous recovery in dynamical networks.

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“…According to previous reports, in vitro systems constitute a successful experimental model of neuronal dynamics ( 30, 31 ), thus providing an excellent test bed for adaptive closed-loop neural interfaces ( 32 ). Starting from our recently developed methodology ( 33 ), we created custom bimodular cultures with the goal of reproducing two interacting neuronal populations, thus mimicking the intrinsic modularity of the brain ( 17, 34 ). Our bimodular cultures were highly temporally stable in terms of firing properties at the whole network level as the activity between the two populations remained highly correlated for the entire duration of the recording.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neuroprosthetic system to restore neuronal communication in modular networks

Buccelli

Bornat

Colombi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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48Recent advances in neurotechnology allow neurological impairments to be treated or 49 reduced by brain machine interfaces and neuroprostheses. To develop energy-efficient and 50 3 real-time capable devices, neuromorphic computing systems are envisaged as the core of 51 next-generation 'neurobiohybrid' systems for brain repair. We demonstrate here the first 52 exploitation of a neuromorphic prosthesis to restore bidirectional interactions between two 53 neuronal populations, even when one is damaged or completely missing. We used in vitro 54 modular cell cultures to mimic the mutual interaction between neuronal assemblies and 55 created a focal lesion to functionally disconnect the two populations. Then, we employed 56 our neuromorphic prosthesis for two specific applications with future clinical 57 implications: bidirectional bridging to artificially reconnect two disconnected neuronal 58 modules and hybrid bidirectional bridging to replace the activity of one module with a 59 neuromorphic spiking neural network. Our neuroprosthetic system opens up new avenues 60 for the development of novel bioelectrical therapeutics for human applications. 61 62 65 the greatest impact carried by stroke (1) and traumatic brain injury (2), brain disorders are among 66 the leading causes of disabilities worldwide. Due to recent advances in neural and neuromorphic 67 engineering, direct interfacing of artificial circuits with large neuronal networks is possible to 68 develop novel 'neurobiohybrid' systems (such as neuroprostheses (3)), which are envisaged as 69 potentially interesting clinical applications for brain lesions (4). In this paper, we introduce an 70 innovative neuroprosthetic system based on a neuromorphic real-time interface that can re-71 establish the communication between two disconnected neuronal assemblies. 72 Neural interfaces are promising solutions for brain repair (5). Modern neural interfaces are mainly 73 designed to restore lost motor functions in only one direction, i.e., from the brain to the body (6) 74 or from the body to the brain (7). Additionally, recent neuroprosthetic developments have shown 75 4 the enormous potential of neural interfaces to aid and accelerate functional recovery (8, 9). 76 However, a major obstacle in developing novel neuroprosthetic devices for bidirectional 77 communication with and within the brain is the complex nature of interactions among different 78 brain areas, which in turn presents a challenge for the development of appropriate stimulation 79 protocols as well as for testing such devices using in vivo models (10). 80 Despite very recent technological progress (11, 12), in vivo models still have two main 81 bottlenecks. The first bottleneck is the technical challenge to faithfully reproduce specific/focal 82 network lesions (mainly due to their complexity) that the neuroprosthesis aims to treat, whereas 83 the second is the difficulty in disentangling the actual effect of the adopted electrical therapy from 84 the complex activity of a brain constantly pr...

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Impact of modular organization on dynamical richness in cortical networks

Abstract: Balance of functional integrability and spatial segregation mediates dynamical richness in modular cortical networks.

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

Impact of targeted attack on the spontaneous activity in spatial and biologically-inspired neuronal networks

Impact of targeted attack on the spontaneous activity in spatial and biologically-inspired neuronal networks

Spontaneous Functional Recovery after Focal Damage in Neuronal Cultures

A neuroprosthetic system to restore neuronal communication in modular networks

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