ur-Rehman Mashwani (2019) Silver nanoparticles elicited invitro callus cultures for accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in

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Linum usitatissimum commonly known as flax or linseed is an important medicinal plant, produces medicinally potent lignans, used in the treatment of several human diseases. Lignans limited production in the natural plants does not meet the increasing market demand. This study was conducted to establish an easy and rapid method for the in vitro micropropagation and production of potent lignans and antioxidant secondary metabolites in linseed. The results indicated that hypocotyl explants under the effects of thidiazuron (TDZ: 0.5 mg/L) + kinetin (Kn: 0.5 mg/L) in the basal growth media, resulted in the optimal shoot organogenesis parameters (shoot induction frequency: 86.87%, number of shoots: 6.3 ± 0.36 and shoots length: 6.5 ± 0.54 cm), in 4 weeks. Further, TDZ supplementation in the culture media efficiently activated the antioxidant system in the in vitro raised shoots, wherein maximum production of total phenolic content, TPC (34.33 ± 0.20 mg of GAE/g DW); total flavonoid content, TFC (8.99 ± 0.02 mg of QE/g DW); DPPH free radical scavenging activity (92.7 ± 1.32%); phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, PAL (8.99 ± 0.02 U/g FW); and superoxide dismutase expression, SOD (3.62 ± 0.01 nM/min/mg FW) were observed in the shoot cultures raised in presence of TDZ: 0.5 mg/L + Kn: 0.5 mg/L. Nonetheless, considerable levels of pharmacologically active lignans such as secoisolariciresinol (SECO: 23.13–37.10 mg/g DW), secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG: 3.32–3.86 mg/g DW) and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol diglucoside (ANHSECO: 5.15–7.94 mg/g DW) were accumulated in the regenerated shoots. This protocol can be scaled up for the commercial production of linseed to meet the market demands for lignans.

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Stevia rebaudiana is a vital medicinal plant of the genus Stevia and family Asteraceae. It is commonly used as a natural sweetener plant and its products are 300 times sweeter than the commonly used sugarcane. The sweetening potential is due to the presence of calorie-free steviol glycosides (SGs). The plant species has been extensively profiled to identify steviol glycosides (SGs) with intensity sweetening properties. However, the limited production of plant material is not fulfilling the higher market demand worldwide. Researchers are working worldwide to enhance the production of important SGs through the intervention of different biotechnological approaches in S. rebaudiana. In this review, the research work conducted in the last twenty years, on the different aspects of biotechnology to enhance the production of SGs has been precisely reviewed. Biotechnological methods such as micropropagation, callus and cell cultures, elicitation and the metabolomics and transcriptomic elucidation of the biosynthetic metabolic pathways for the production of steviol glycosides have been concisely reviewed and discussed.

Momordica dioica is a dioecious cucurbit. The fruits are used as costly vegetable in southern part of India. The biotypes were collected form Warangal and Khammam districts of Andhra Pradesh. When the nodal region were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine BAP +2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic acid, the explants produced little amount of callus and shoot buds. The shoot buds on successive subcultures for twice on the same medium produced multiple shoots. Shoot proliferation was further continued even after six months.

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