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HRT reduces abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, new-onset diabetes, lipids, blood pressure, adhesion molecules and procoagulant factors in women without diabetes and reduced insulin resistance and fasting glucose in women with diabetes. Oral agents adversely affected CRP and protein S, while transdermal agents had no effects.

SDMA exhibits some properties of a reliable marker of renal function. Future studies have to clarify whether SDMA is indeed suited to improve diagnosis and eventually optimize care of patients.

The receptor-rich postsynaptic membrane of the elasmobranch electric organ was fixed by quick-freezing and then viewed by freeze-fracture, deep-etching, and rotary-replication . Traditional freeze-fracture revealed a distinct, geometrical pattern of shallow 8 .5-nm bumps on the E fracture-face, similar to the lattice which has been seen before in chemically fixed material, but seen less clearly than after quick-freezing . Fracture plus deep-etching brought into view on the true outside of this membrane a similar geometrical pattern of 8 .5-nm projections rising out of the membrane surface . The individual projections looked like structures that have been seen in negatively stained or deep-etched membrane fragments and have been identified as individual acetylcholine receptor molecules . The surface protrusions were twice as abundant as the large intramembrane particles that characterize the fracture faces of this membrane, which have also been considered to be receptor molecules . Particle counts have always been too low to match the estimates of postsynaptic receptor density derived from physiological and biochemical studies ; counts of surface projections, however, more closely matched these estimates . Rotary-replication of quick-frozen, etched postsynaptic membranes enhanced the visibility of these surface protuberances and illustrated that they often occur in dimers, tetramers, and ordered rows . The variations in these surface patterns suggested that in vivo, receptors in the postsynaptic membrane may tend to pack into "liquid crystals" which constantly appear, flow, and disappear in the fluid environment of the membrane . Additionally, deep-etching revealed a distinct web of cytoplasmic filaments beneath the postsynaptic membrane, and revealed the basal lamina above it, and delineated possible points of contact between these structures and the membrane proper .KEY WORDS postsynaptic receptorsthe following report . This technique is an amalgam membrane surfaces . cytoplasmic filamentsof currently used electron microscope procedures quick-freezing -deep etching which are only slightly modified to fit together . The final view presents membranes and filaments . Tissue that has been quick-frozen is amenable to and their interrelationships, in high-magnification, a new technique of viewing which is described in three-dimensional photomicrographs at the reso-150 J . CELL BIOLOGY

There is no evidence from prospective comparative trials or from observational cohort studies that metformin is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis, or with increased levels of lactate, compared to other anti-hyperglycemic treatments.

A report by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) shows that drugs and some interventions for cardiovascular disease are underused in rural areas. 1 It found that rural patients are getting far fewer prescriptions for beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins and warfarin than other Australians.

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