A failure to correctly perceive weight was very frequent among children and their mothers, especially when children were overweight. These factors could represent obstacles to correctly recognizing nutritional abnormalities.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal anemia and low/insufficient birth weight.DesignA prospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the healthcare units in a municipality of northeast Brazil together with their newborn infants was carried out. The pregnant women were classified as having anemia when the hemoglobin level was below 11 g/dl. Infants who were born full term weighing less than 2500 grams were classified as low birth weight, and those weighing between 2500 and 2999 grams were classified as insufficient weight. The occurrence of maternal anemia and its association with birth weight was verified using crude and adjusted Relative Risk (RR) estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).ResultsThe final sample was comprised of 622 women. Maternal anemia was considered a risk factor for low/insufficient birth weight, after adjusting the effect measurement for maternal age, family income, urinary infection, parity, alcoholic beverage consumption during pregnancy and gestational body mass index: RRadjusted = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.77].ConclusionsMaternal anemia was associated with low/insufficient birth weight, representing a risk factor for the gestational outcomes studied.

Objective: To describe and compare maternal perception and the self-perception of children/adolescents of their nutritional status, identifying factors associated with incorrect perceptions. Methods:Cross-sectional study carried out in Salvador, BA, Brazil with 1,741 students aged 6 to 19 years, classified according to body mass index (BMI) percentiles as underweight (BMI < p5), well-nourished (p5 ≤ BMI < p85), at risk of overweight (p85 ≤ BMI < p95) or overweight (BMI ≥ p95). Students and their mothers answered questions on perception of weight, patterns of physical exercise and dieting. By means of multivariate analysis, factors associated with incorrect maternal and self-perceptions were analyzed.Results: Self-perceptions were correct in 64.7% of cases and 75.3% of maternal perceptions were correct. The principal factor associated with incorrect self-perception was age between 6 and 9 years (OR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.15-2.20). Among girls, being overweight and practicing physical exercise were characteristics associated with better perception. For boys, the presence of overweight resulted in an increased risk of incorrect self-perception.Among mothers, having an overweight child (OR = 3.02; 95%CI 2.05-4.46) and a child aged from 6 to 9 years (OR = 1.88; 95%CI 1.28-2.76) were associated with incorrect perception. Conclusions:A failure to correctly perceive weight was very frequent among children and their mothers, especially when children were overweight. These factors could represent obstacles to correctly recognizing nutritional abnormalities.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(4):349-356: Body image, overweight, childhood obesity, physical activity, adolescent.

ResumoO leite materno contribui positivamente para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança e apresenta vantagens imunológicas, psicológicas e nutricionais. Adicionalmente, leva a considerável redução na mortalidade infantil por todas as causas e também é importante para a saúde da mulher. Considerando as informações apresentadas, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os conhecimentos e a prática do aleitamento materno de gestantes atendidas em unidades de saúde em um município do Recôncavo Baiano. Estudo transversal, envolvendo gestantes atendidas em pré-natal em unidades de saúde em município do Recôncavo da Bahia, de Outubro de 2010 a Maio de 2011. Foram excluídas do estudo gestantes com HIV/AIDS ou que se recusaram a participar. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado sobre aleitamento materno e técnica da mamada, contendo 34 questões, sendo 19 destinadas às multíparas, sobre a experiência prévia com amamentação. Foram entrevistadas 50 gestantes, sendo 68% primigestas. Cerca de 76% das mulheres consideraram que as crianças deveriam mamar exclusivamente ao seio até os 6 meses, e 80% consideraram o leite materno forte. No que tange aos benefícios do aleitamento materno para a saúde da mulher, 88% reconheceram a importância dessa prática e apontaram como principal benefício a redução do câncer de mama (68%). Apesar da maioria das mães apresentarem conhecimento sobre a importância do aleitamento materno, este ainda não é aplicado satisfatoriamente na prática da amamentação. Deve-se salientar a importância de ações de educação e apoio à amamentação desde o pré-natal até a fase de introdução de novos alimentos para otimização da prática do aleitamento materno. Palavras-chave:Aleitamento Materno. Gestantes. Conhecimento. Saúde da Criança. Cuidado Pré-Natal. AbstractBreastfeeding contributes positively to the growth and development of children and presents advantages immunological, psychological and nutritional. Additionally, it leads to considerable reduction in mortality from all causes and is also important for women's health. Considering the information presented, there is the objective of this study was to identify the knowledge and practice of breast-feeding of pregnant women attending health facilities in one district of Reconcavo Baiano. It is a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending antenatal care in health facilities in the municipality Reconcavo of Bahia, October/2010 to May/2011. The study excluded women with HIV / AIDS or who refused to participate. We used a structured questionnaire on breastfeeding and breastfeeding technique, containing 34 questions, 19 aimed at multiparous on previous experience with breastfeeding. We interviewed 50 pregnant women, 68% primiparous. About 76% of women felt that children should breastfeed exclusively breastfed until 6 months, and 80% considered strong breast milk. Regarding the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of women, 88% recognized the importance of this practice and pointed as the main benefit to reducing breast cancer (68%). ...

Background There exists a diverse range of criteria used in epidemiological studies for the diagnosis of periodontitis. The results from these studies should be evaluated with consideration to the diagnostic criteria used, and this may account for differences between studies especially in some population groups such as pregnant females. The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic criteria used in a variety of epidemiologic studies of periodontitis in pregnant females. Methods An accuracy study with cross‐sectional design was performed out from a database of 671 pregnant females, using six different sets of criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Women were classified for periodontitis, as follows: Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP, 2012 criterion), the gold standard, Gomes‐Filho et al.(2018) criterion, Albandar et al.(2007) criterion, Bassani et al.(2007) criterion, López et al.(2002) criterion, and Nesse et al.(2008) criterion. For comparison amongst the gold standard and the other criteria, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratio were determined. Results The frequency of periodontitis ranged from 25.0% to 90.2%. The Bassani et al. (2007) criterion was found to be more sensitive among the studies, and thus more suitable for diagnostic screening studies. Gomes‐Filho et al.(2018), Albandar et al. (2007), López et al. (2002), and Nesse et al. (2008) criteria were considered more specific, which makes them more useful for studies of periodontitis with the aim of using diagnosis for confirmation of disease. Conclusions A variation in the occurrence of periodontitis was observed. The criterion must be chosen according to the research aims and population characteristics.

The mother’s diet during pregnancy is associated with maternal and child health. However, there are few studies with moderation analysis on maternal dietary patterns and infant birth weight. We aim to analyse the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight. A prospective cohort study was performed with pregnant women registered with the prenatal service (Bahia, Brazil). A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Birth weight was measured by a prenatal service team. Statistical analyses were performed using factor analysis with a principal component extraction technique and structural equation modelling. The mean age of the pregnant women was 27 years old (SD: 5.5) and the mean birth weight was 3341.18 g. It was observed that alcohol consumption (p = 0.05) and weight-gain during pregnancy (p = 0.05) were associated with birth weight. Four patterns of dietary consumption were identified for each trimester of the pregnancy evaluated. Adherence to the “Meat, Eggs, Fried Snacks and Processed foods” dietary pattern (pattern 1) and the “Sugars and Sweets” dietary pattern (pattern 4) in the third trimester directly reduced birth weight, by 98.42 g (Confidence interval (CI) 95%: 24.26, 172.59) and 92.03 g (CI 95%: 39.88, 165.30), respectively. It was also observed that insufficient dietary consumption in the third trimester increases maternal complications during pregnancy, indirectly reducing birth weight by 145 g (CI 95%: −21.39, −211.45). Inadequate dietary intake in the third trimester appears to have negative results on birth weight, directly and indirectly, but more studies are needed to clarify these causal paths, especially investigations of the influence of the maternal dietary pattern on the infant gut microbiota and the impacts on perinatal outcomes.

Objective: To assess the factors associated with overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age in Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Using the National Health Survey (PNS) database, from the year 2013. The socioeconomic and demographic factors analyzed were age, race/skin color, region, marital status, education level, employment and family income. Concerning health history: diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, heart attack, stroke, chronic kidney disease, menarche, parity, and depression were evaluated. For lifestyle information: health status, alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking, and physical activity were included. The outcomes were obesity and overweight. The association of excess weight with socioeconomic-demographic factors, health history, and lifestyle characteristics was investigated according to the appropriate theoretical-conceptual model for the topic. Participants: The sample size was 17,109 women aged 18 to 49 years. Results: The prevalence of women with excess weight was 55.20%, with 33.26% being overweight and 21.94% with obesity. The factors associated with excess weight were: age, non-white skin color, having a partner, family income of up to two minimum wages, menarche before the age of 12, multiparity, diabetes mellitus, depression, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, and heart attack. Conclusion: The results showed an association between excess weight and sociodemographic factors, both determinants of general and reproductive health history. Implementation of effective public health policies is necessary to prevent unfavorable outcomes related to the health of women of childbearing age with excess weight.

A alimentação exerce função indispensável para a saúde das gestantes. Devido ao período intenso de metabolismo faz-se necessário um consumo alimentar saudável que favoreça o desenvolvimento de uma gestação adequada. Diante dessas informações, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a adequação dos grupos alimentares consumidos pelas gestantes atendidas em consultas de pré-natal nas unidades de Saúde de um município do Recôncavo da Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, envolvendo gestantes atendidas no serviço de pré-natal da rede pública do ano 2010, 2011 e 2012. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado com informações, obstétricas e de saúde. Para avaliar o consumo alimentar utilizou-se o Questionário de Frequência de Consumo de Alimentos (QFCA). As porções dos grupos alimentares foram determinadas e em seguida analisadas segundo a pirâmide alimentar adaptada para população brasileira. Analisaramse também as características socioeconômicas da amostra. Foram entrevistadas 70 gestantes, com idade de 20 a 45 anos. Destas, 75,8% eram casadas ou com união estável, 78,6% com nível médio de escolaridade, 36,2% apresentaram renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo e 41,5% autodeclaram-se negras. Observou-se que as características socioeconômicas podem influenciar diretamente no consumo alimentar das gestantes. Na análise dos grupos alimentares notou-se consumo insuficiente de leguminosas, leite e produtos lácteos, e consumo excessivo do grupo de açúcares/ doces e carnes e ovos. Observou-se consumo alimentar inadequado em termos qualitativos (grupos alimentares), não atendendo às necessidades específicas do ciclo gestacional, podendo implicar em risco nutricional para mãe e o concepto.Palavras-chave: Consumo alimentar. Gestantes. Inquéritos alimentares. Pré-natal.Food plays essential role for the health of pregnant women. Due to the intense metabolism period, it is necessary healthy food consumption which ensures the development of an adequate pregnancy. Due to this information, the aim of this study is to analyze the adequacy of food groups consumed by pregnant women attending prenatal consultations in the health units of the municipality Reconcavo in Bahia. It is a cross sectional study involving pregnant women in prenatal service of the public network over the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. It was used structured questionnaire with socio-demographic information, obstetric and health. To assess food consumption it was used the Survey of Food Consumption Frequency (FFQ). The portions of the food groups were determined then analyzed according to the food pyramid adapted to the Brazilian population. It was also analyzed the socioeconomic characteristics of the sample. They interviewed 70 pregnant women aged between 20 and 45 years. Among these women, 75.8% were married or in a stable relationship, 78.6% with high school degree, 36.2% had family income lower than the minimum wage and 41.5% declare themselves as black. It was observed that the socioeconomic characteristics can influence directly on the diet of pregnan...