There is still limited evidence regarding the influence of vitamin D in people with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, via an analysis of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in people with the disease. Five online databases-Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and pre-print Medrevix were searched. The inclusion criteria were observational studies measuring serum vitamin D in adult and elderly subjects with COVID-19. The main outcome was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in severe cases of COVID-19. We carried out a meta-analysis with random effect measures. We identified 1542 articles and selected 27. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with a higher chance of infection by COVID-19 (OR ¼ 1.35; 95% CI ¼ 0.80-1.88), but we identified that severe cases of COVID-19 present 64% (OR ¼ 1.64; 95% CI ¼ 1.30-2.09) more vitamin D deficiency compared with mild cases. A vitamin D concentration insufficiency increased hospitalization (OR ¼ 1.81, 95% CI ¼ 1.41-2.21) and mortality from COVID-19 (OR ¼ 1.82, 95% CI ¼ 1.06-2.58). We observed a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the disease.

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ResumoO leite materno contribui positivamente para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança e apresenta vantagens imunológicas, psicológicas e nutricionais. Adicionalmente, leva a considerável redução na mortalidade infantil por todas as causas e também é importante para a saúde da mulher. Considerando as informações apresentadas, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os conhecimentos e a prática do aleitamento materno de gestantes atendidas em unidades de saúde em um município do Recôncavo Baiano. Estudo transversal, envolvendo gestantes atendidas em pré-natal em unidades de saúde em município do Recôncavo da Bahia, de Outubro de 2010 a Maio de 2011. Foram excluídas do estudo gestantes com HIV/AIDS ou que se recusaram a participar. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado sobre aleitamento materno e técnica da mamada, contendo 34 questões, sendo 19 destinadas às multíparas, sobre a experiência prévia com amamentação. Foram entrevistadas 50 gestantes, sendo 68% primigestas. Cerca de 76% das mulheres consideraram que as crianças deveriam mamar exclusivamente ao seio até os 6 meses, e 80% consideraram o leite materno forte. No que tange aos benefícios do aleitamento materno para a saúde da mulher, 88% reconheceram a importância dessa prática e apontaram como principal benefício a redução do câncer de mama (68%). Apesar da maioria das mães apresentarem conhecimento sobre a importância do aleitamento materno, este ainda não é aplicado satisfatoriamente na prática da amamentação. Deve-se salientar a importância de ações de educação e apoio à amamentação desde o pré-natal até a fase de introdução de novos alimentos para otimização da prática do aleitamento materno. Palavras-chave:Aleitamento Materno. Gestantes. Conhecimento. Saúde da Criança. Cuidado Pré-Natal. AbstractBreastfeeding contributes positively to the growth and development of children and presents advantages immunological, psychological and nutritional. Additionally, it leads to considerable reduction in mortality from all causes and is also important for women's health. Considering the information presented, there is the objective of this study was to identify the knowledge and practice of breast-feeding of pregnant women attending health facilities in one district of Reconcavo Baiano. It is a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending antenatal care in health facilities in the municipality Reconcavo of Bahia, October/2010 to May/2011. The study excluded women with HIV / AIDS or who refused to participate. We used a structured questionnaire on breastfeeding and breastfeeding technique, containing 34 questions, 19 aimed at multiparous on previous experience with breastfeeding. We interviewed 50 pregnant women, 68% primiparous. About 76% of women felt that children should breastfeed exclusively breastfed until 6 months, and 80% considered strong breast milk. Regarding the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of women, 88% recognized the importance of this practice and pointed as the main benefit to reducing breast cancer (68%). ...

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Este trabajo fue recibido el 21 de Julio de 2015 y aceptado para ser publicado el 30 de Octubre de 2015.ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the dietary patterns of 125 nutrition students in 2011, from public university in Bahia State, Brazil. The students answered a structured and validated questionnaire for this specific group that addressed socioeconomic and health aspects, family information, and food consumption. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis by principal components analysis. The mean age was 22.3 (SD: 3.75) years old. The majority (88%) of students were female. In relation to the dietary patterns of the students, 4 groups were identified and these patterns explained 59.8% of the total dietary variability. The pattern number 1, entitled "Traditional", consisted of roots/tubers, legumes, dairy products, meat and eggs, fruit/natural juice and vegetables, and explained 21.53% of the variability of food consumption. Pattern 2, labeled "Exam Days" was made up of breads/cereals, sausages and artificial beverage accounted for 13.85% of the variability of food consumption. Pattern 3, entitled "End of Semester" was characterized predominantly by candy/sugar and snacks and represented 13.39% of the variability of food consumption. Pattern 4, labeled "Anxiety" which was made up of coffee/tea and fats, explained 11.08% of the variation of food consumption. It was observed that 38.1% of the students have inadequate food consumption because they are monotonous, and poor sources of fiber and vitamins.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se verificar a qualidade microbiológica das águas destinadas ao cultivo de ostra da Baía do Iguape, Bahia, e sua correlação com os fatores ambientais e variações de maré. Foram coletadas 36 amostras de água superficial de três viveiros de cultivo, totalizando 12 coletas. A população de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes foi determinada por meio da técnica de tubos múltiplos - Número Mais Provável (NMP.100 mL-1). Foram estabelecidas como variáveis ambientais pH, temperatura, salinidade, turbidez, precipitação pluviométrica e maré. Observou-se que a população de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes nos três viveiros monitorados variou de <1,8 a 1.600 NMP.100 mL-1 e <1,8 a 350 NMP.100 mL-1, respectivamente, constatando-se que os viveiros apresentam boa qualidade microbiológica da água superficial. Quanto à influencia dos fatores ambientais na densidade microbiana, foi obtida uma correlação positiva quanto à precipitação pluviométrica e negativa para temperatura e turbidez. Considerando os dados do presente estudo, verifica-se que a população de coliformes aumentou nos meses mais chuvosos e em maré de sizígia. É necessário realizar o monitoramento microbiológico e ambiental de águas destinadas à aquicultura por favorecer a produção segura e sustentável de ostra, uma vez que os parâmetros de qualidade podem sofrer influências climáticas e variações temporais.

Objectives: this study aims to evaluate the association between gestational weight gain and the weight of newborns from one municipality in Recôncavo Baiano region. Methods: this is a prospective cohort (NISAMI Cohort), conducted with 185 pregnant women living in the urban area of the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, using the prenatal service of the Family Health Units, between April 2012 and June 2013. The pregestationalBMI and the third trimester of pregnancy were used to assess maternal anthropometric status.Birth weight data were collected from the Epidemiological Surveillance of the municipality. Stata 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate to assess the association. Results: among the 185 women evaluated, 33.5% presented inadequate weight gain during pregnancy. The prevalence of inadequate birth weight was 20% (birth weight ≤ 2.999g and ≥ 4.000 g). It was observed that inadequate weight gain during pregnancy is considered an embarrassing factor for birth weight (OR= 2.6; CI95%= 1.5-3.5); adjusted for the following variables: alcohol consumption, duration of pregnancy, and gestational complications. Conclusion: the research results suggest that weight gain throughout pregnancy influences the weight of the conceptus, indicating the need for nutritional interventions in all trimesters of pregnancy, promoting a healthy weight gain throughout the gestational cycle.