Consumo alimentar de gestantes atendidas em Unidades de Saúde

Abstract

A alimentação exerce função indispensável para a saúde das gestantes. Devido ao período intenso de metabolismo faz-se necessário um consumo alimentar saudável que favoreça o desenvolvimento de uma gestação adequada. Diante dessas informações, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a adequação dos grupos alimentares consumidos pelas gestantes atendidas em consultas de pré-natal nas unidades de Saúde de um município do Recôncavo da Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, envolvendo gestantes atendidas no serviço de pré-natal da rede pública do ano 2010, 2011 e 2012. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado com informações, obstétricas e de saúde. Para avaliar o consumo alimentar utilizou-se o Questionário de Frequência de Consumo de Alimentos (QFCA). As porções dos grupos alimentares foram determinadas e em seguida analisadas segundo a pirâmide alimentar adaptada para população brasileira. Analisaramse também as características socioeconômicas da amostra. Foram entrevistadas 70 gestantes, com idade de 20 a 45 anos. Destas, 75,8% eram casadas ou com união estável, 78,6% com nível médio de escolaridade, 36,2% apresentaram renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo e 41,5% autodeclaram-se negras. Observou-se que as características socioeconômicas podem influenciar diretamente no consumo alimentar das gestantes. Na análise dos grupos alimentares notou-se consumo insuficiente de leguminosas, leite e produtos lácteos, e consumo excessivo do grupo de açúcares/ doces e carnes e ovos. Observou-se consumo alimentar inadequado em termos qualitativos (grupos alimentares), não atendendo às necessidades específicas do ciclo gestacional, podendo implicar em risco nutricional para mãe e o concepto.Palavras-chave: Consumo alimentar. Gestantes. Inquéritos alimentares. Pré-natal.Food plays essential role for the health of pregnant women. Due to the intense metabolism period, it is necessary healthy food consumption which ensures the development of an adequate pregnancy. Due to this information, the aim of this study is to analyze the adequacy of food groups consumed by pregnant women attending prenatal consultations in the health units of the municipality Reconcavo in Bahia. It is a cross sectional study involving pregnant women in prenatal service of the public network over the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. It was used structured questionnaire with socio-demographic information, obstetric and health. To assess food consumption it was used the Survey of Food Consumption Frequency (FFQ). The portions of the food groups were determined then analyzed according to the food pyramid adapted to the Brazilian population. It was also analyzed the socioeconomic characteristics of the sample. They interviewed 70 pregnant women aged between 20 and 45 years. Among these women, 75.8% were married or in a stable relationship, 78.6% with high school degree, 36.2% had family income lower than the minimum wage and 41.5% declare themselves as black. It was observed that the socioeconomic characteristics can influence directly on the diet of pregnan...

Dietary Pattern Influences Gestational Weight Gain: Results from the ProcriAr Cohort Study—São Paulo, Brazil

“…The Brazilian Traditional DP was followed more closely by “non-white” pregnant women who were single, had low levels of education, smoked, and were underweight. This is consistent with other studies showing a direct association between DP and sociodemographic and educational factors [ 27 ]. However, in this case, the opposite was observed because the Brazilian Traditional DP was adopted mainly by pregnant women with greater vulnerability and had a protective role against EGWG.…”

“…In Brazil, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly in recent years due to the dietary changes characterized mainly by a typical Western diet and lower levels of physical activity [ 15 , 16 , 19 , 26 , 27 ]. Our results also suggest a high prevalence of EGWG in obese pregnant women (51%), which is considered alarming given its detrimental effects on health and pregnancy outcomes.…”

“…Brazilian studies conducted on pregnant women from Basic Health Units showed an increased frequency of the high consumption of sugars, sweets, and fats and the low consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk [ 26 , 27 ]. However, there are scarce published data in Brazil about the dietary patterns followed during the gestational period.…”