BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the proportion of women who want to know fetal gender on antenatal ultrasonography and the reasons behind this.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between March 10, 2012 and September 10, 2012 at two tertiary care hospitals (Dow University Hospital, Ojha Campus, and Lady Dufferin Hospital) in Karachi. In total, 223 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic and gave their consent were included in the study. Information was collected on a predesigned questionnaire.ResultsOf the 223 pregnant women, 109 (49.1%) were younger than 25 years. The majority (216, 96.9%) were Muslim, 164 (73.4%) were educated to different levels, 121 (54.3%) spoke Urdu, and 66 (29.6%) were primigravidas. Thirty-four (15.2%) women had a preference for a male child, 24 (10.8%) had a female preference, and 165 (74%) had no preference. Seventy (31.4%) women were interested to know the fetal gender. The association between education and gender preference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.004) and also that between age and gender preference (P = 0.05), but no relationship was found between gender preference and gender of previous babies (P = 0.317 for males and P = 0.451 for females). Association of ethnicity was also not statistically significant (P = 0.102).ConclusionThis study revealed that 31.4% of women were interested in disclosure of gender on prenatal ultrasonography and only15.2% women had a preference for a male child.

Objective: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of Insulin Resistance (IR) in Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and analyze its clinical parameters. Methodology: This observational study was conducted at Dow University Hospital during June 2011 till May 2012. Patients of PCOS were selected, an anthropometric measurement, examination and fasting blood test for sugar (FBS) and insulin was performed. Data was collected on pre designed questionnaire, was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: Forty-six cases of PCOS were included in the study. Prevalence of IR was 34.78%. Mean age of patients was 23.72 ± 4.37 years. Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) was raised in 42 (91.30%), acanthosis was found in 26(56.50%), impaired FBS was seen in 9 (19.6%) and raised fasting insulin in 16 (34.8%) patients. There was significant association between acanthosis and WHR (0.044) and between acanthosis and FBS (0.008). Correlation studies between parameters showed a significant correlation between Waist & Hips (0.93), similarly Waist & WHR showed positive correlation (0.59), at p< 0.01. Significant positive correlation was also found between waist and FBS (0.32) and FBS & WHR (0.378). Conclusion: Acanthosis nigrican, raised WHR and FBS are significant parameters for insulin resistance in cases of Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objectives: To identify the frequency of common birthmarks presenting inoutpatients department of dermatology until and to increase awareness among doctor aboutthe common phenomena. Patients and Study Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: OPDof Dermatology department of Dow University Hospital. Period: January 2014 till October 2014.Methods:During a year, by using non-probability convenient sampling only 100 patients of bothgenders were enrolled in the study after ensuring inclusion, exclusion criteria. Complete historywas recorded and a thorough general physical and cutaneous examination was performed.Information was collected on predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. DataAnalysis was carried out on SPSS statistics software. Results: Out of 100 patients, 43% weremales and 57% were females. In 69.6% patients, the birthmarks were noticed around time ofdelivery, 28.3% patients were noticed within 1st year of life and 2.2% later in 5 year. Pigmentedbirthmarks were identified in 65.2% patients while 34.8 % have vascular birthmarks.71.1% hadno changes in color during life span. While 37.8% had 1-3 cms birthmark and 45.7% havereported an increase in birthmark. Conclusions: We found birthmarks benign; they may growwith age but they do not need treatment unless there is concern either cosmetically or they havepain and discharge.

ABSTRACT…Objectives:To identify the frequency of common birthmarks presenting in outpatients department of dermatology until and to increase awareness among doctor about the common phenomena. Patients and Study Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: OPD of Dermatology department of Dow University Hospital. Period: January 2014 till October 2014. Methods:During a year, by using non-probability convenient sampling only 100 patients of both genders were enrolled in the study after ensuring inclusion, exclusion criteria. Complete history was recorded and a thorough general physical and cutaneous examination was performed. Information was collected on predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data Analysis was carried out on SPSS statistics software. Results: Out of 100 patients, 43% were males and 57% were females. In 69.6% patients, the birthmarks were noticed around time of delivery, 28.3% patients were noticed within 1st year of life and 2.2% later in 5 year. Pigmented birthmarks were identified in 65.2% patients while 34.8 % have vascular birthmarks.71.1% had no changes in color during life span. While 37.8% had 1-3 cms birthmark and 45.7% have reported an increase in birthmark. Conclusions: We found birthmarks benign; they may grow with age but they do not need treatment unless there is concern either cosmetically or they have pain and discharge.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common disease among the women in reproductive age group and morecommon in South Asian women. Clinical presentations include menstrual disorders, subfertility, obesity,hirsutism, acne vulgaris andacanthosis. Objectives: The objective of study was to investigate co relation between acne and polycystic ovaries and its relation tomenstrual irregularity. Methodology: A total of 56women were enrolled in the study from Outpatient Department of Obs&Gynae andDermatology, Dow University Hosptial, Ojha campus by convenient sampling. It was cross sectional study, conducted from July 2012 toNovember 2012.Verbal consent was taken. Sociodemographic information,Anthropometric measurement (height, weight, BMI) andacne severity with affected area, menstrual irregularities were administered on pre designed questionnaire.Pelvic ultrasound forpolycystic ovaries and serum LH, FSH in follicular phase of menstrual cycle (2nd day) advised from Dow Radiology and Dow Labrespectively. Results: A total of56 patients of PCOS were enrolled during five month period. The mean age of patient was 21.1+_SD0.994. Frequency of acne was 32 (57.1%).The mean BMI was 19.66 +_SD 4.54. Face was the commonest area involved in 24 (42.9%).menstrual irregularity was found in 50 (89.4%) women. There was no statistically significant relation seen between acne andoligomenorrhea. (X2 = 0.55 , P = 0.45). It was also determined that there was no co relation seen between the acne and serumtestosterone level calculated by independent sample t test.(P = 0.17) but statistically significant association seen between severity ofacne and serum LH/FSH ratio. (t test =3.28, p= 0.004) Conclusion: Acne was found in 32 (57.1%) women with PCOS. The study resultsrevealed a significant association seen between severity of acne and serum LH/FSH ratio. Relation between acne and serum testosteronelevel was statistically insignificant.