Early marriage is a form of violation of child rights to grow and develop. The Sustainable Development Goals had included early marriage in target 5.3, aiming to eliminate by 2030. This study examines the socio-demographic factors associated with women's early marriage in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq using information extracted from 2019, 2017-2018, and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) of Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq, respectively. The chi-square test examined the association between socio-demographic factors and early marriage separately in all three countries. In logistic regression, key factors were primarily evaluated for determining effects on early marriage separately in all three countries. The mean age of the mother at first marriage was found to be 16.86, 20.23, and 20.05 years in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq successively. According to surveys conducted in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Iraq, education levels of household heads and women, wealth status, mass media, number of household members, and residence were significant factors linked to early marriage. The odds of getting married early were significantly higher among women with no formal education and primary education than women with secondary or higher education in all three countries. In terms of economic status, a negative association was found between wealth status and early marriage in both Bangladesh and Ghana. Based on the findings, the study recommended that government take the necessary steps to reduce child marriage in all three countries by raising women's education and campaigning women by media to harmful effects of early marriage, particularly women from low-income families.
Cattle are one of the indices of civilization, sources of wealth, health and prosperity for the nation. Cattle provide us food, cash as well as mechanical power. The production of cattle is low due to their poor genetic makeup, indigenous and large incidence of diseases. Artificial Insemination (AI) is the first generation reproductive biotechnology that has made a profound contribution to the genetic improvement as well as recognized breeding tool of the cattle. But the farmers in Bangladesh are yet to adopt it perfectly. For these, the principle objective of the study was to determine the extent of problems faced by the farmers in adopting AI of cattle. Problem confrontation was measured based on 18 different aspects of AI using four point scale where 3 indicates high problem, 2 medium, 1 low and 0 no problem at all. The study was conducted in Kishoreganj Sadar Upazila under Kishoreganj district. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 farmers out of 340 farmers using an interview schedule. The majority of the farmers (58%) had medium problems while 39% had high and only 3% had low problems in adopting artificial insemination. Among the problems, inseminator problem and heat stage were considered the most critical problems in the survey area.
This paper has focused on seasonal variations of price and trend of the price escalation of paddy in Bangladesh using monthly average wholesale price of Boro paddy over a period from 2001 to 2019. Secondary data were used in this study and collected from different secondary sources. The multiplicative model was exercised in this study; the least square method was applied to find out the long-term changes occurring in the price of paddy and the ratio to moving average method was used to measure seasonal fluctuations in price of paddy. It was evidently observed from the study that seasonal fluctuations in price of paddy prevail in Bangladesh as seasonal indices were deviated from hundred in different months. April to August, the price of paddy was lower compare to other months’ price because April and Mayare the harvesting period of Boro paddy and resulted in more supply to the market. From August, it was increasing gradually and reached to the highest position on March with 112.15. Long-term trend analysis showed that prices of paddy will increase Tk. 72.80 per quintal higher annually compare to the country’s average price. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 219-226 (2020)
Abstract:Agriculture sector plays an important role in the economic development of Bangladesh. Rice is an important and most cultivated crop because it is an essential ingredient for food consumption. Seasonal loan plays a vital role in agricultural farming. This study examines the impact of seasonal loan on the Rice production in Badarganj Upazila of Rangpur district, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 55 small & medium scale rural farmers, who were categorized into credit borrower and non-borrower of seasonal-loan based. The results revealed that total cost per acre land of credit user farmers is 34590.24 taka which lower than that of non-credit user farmers is 36801.6 taka. Rice productions of seasonal loan borrowers per acre were 2.89 M.ton. Rice productions of seasonal loan non-borrowers per acre were 2.86 M.ton. Per unit price of Rice is 13925 taka in case of borrower. Per unit price of Rice is 14530 taka in case of non-borrower. Total value of Rice in case of borrowers is 40243.25 taka, but total value of Rice for non-borrower is 41555.8 taka. Net return of SL non-borrower per acre Rice field is 8354.2 taka. Net return of SL borrower per acre Rice field was 9253.01 taka. It was observed from the study that the beneficiaries of seasonal loans in the study area were more productive than the non-beneficiaries. Hence, this study recommends that organization should be provided more facility to the credit borrower for increasing Rice production & profit.
Recently, the demand and application of creative marketing and innovative branding have been increased surprisingly because of its ability to grab the attention of customers more quickly than any other media. The objective of this study is to investigate the dimension of effectiveness in creative marketing and innovative branding to attract customer in the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh. Purposive sampling was applied to take a sample of 150 including 117 customers and 33 service providers of the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh. Descriptive analysis, chi-square goodness of fit, chi-square test of independence, and binary logistic regression were performed to obtain the purpose of the study. In the bivariate test (chisquare test of independence) all of creative marketing and innovative branding strategies and tools were found significantly effective to attract customers in that specific industry. But binary logistic regression analysis identified only launching mobile apps and promoting Bangladesh's tourism is significant for customer attraction in the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh among different creative marketing and innovative branding strategies and tools. Bangladesh tourism and hospitality industry should practice creative marketing and innovative branding tools and strategies to attract more customers. Contribution/Originality: The paper`s primary contribution is to investigate the dimension of effectiveness in creative marketing and innovative branding to attract customer in the tourism and hospitality industry. The findings of the study will provide some useful marketing and branding strategies and tools for the tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh. 1. INTRODUCTION According to Amabile and Pratt (2016) creativity is about producing novel and useful ideas, whereas innovation is its successful implementation. Amabile and Pratt (2016) defined creativity as "the production of novel and useful ideas by an individual or small group of individuals working together." Therefore, creativity marketing is the extent to which the marketing actions of a product (or service) are meaningful and novel for customers compared to usual practices in the product category (Andrews & Smith, 1996). Moreover, creativity and innovation are recognized as important drivers of an organization's performance, which also applies to the hotel industry (Yfantidou,
COVID-19 pandemic creates a worldwide problematic situation as well as Bangladesh which secures the top ten GDP growths in the last decade. Since this country has an agriculture dominated economy, this pandemic badly affects on the agricultural business sector. However, the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic may vary from different parts of Bangladesh. To visualize those effects on the consumers' points of view, this research has been conducted for measuring the different points of pandemic affects on 10 different agricultural products. A survey has been designed to collect the consumers' perception to buy agricultural food during this pandemic and a total of 200+ valid data was selected for analysis. Data has been randomly collected from all over the country having a prioritized location with a higher COVID-19 detection rate. Respondents shared their viewpoints on 10 different agricultural products type named as Coarse Rice, finer quality rice, beef & mutton, poultry & egg, local fish, exported fish, fruits & vegetables, cooking oil, spice crops, and imported foods. The data are statistically analyzed to answer three research questions regarding food availability, price hiking, and the government's initiatives to mitigate the impact of this pandemic. It has been found that almost every consumer reports comparatively higher pricing and a lack of agricultural products in the domestic market. All the data are negatively skewed for pricing in terms of any cities in Bangladesh, which means every consumer suffer from the price hiking during this pandemic. It also depicted that the food crisis was more dominated in the capital city rather than the remote local villages, which may happen due to the supply chain disruption of perishable products. However, the government already took some initiatives to mitigate the effect of this pandemic, but more thanthemajority of the respondents are not fully convinced of that. An interesting finding is that the crisis issue is not significantly dependent on any consumers' demographic data, which means every category of consumers already more or less affected by the pandemic.
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