Perinephric lymphangioma is rare disorder that may be confused with various forms of renal cystic diseases and urinomas. In this disorder a developmental malformation results in failure of developing lymphatic tissue to establish normal communication with the rest of lymphatic system. Once there is restricted drainage of lymphatic fluid the lymphatic channels dilate to form cystic masses that may be unilocular or multilocular and may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally .This condition presents with various signs and symptoms or can be just an incidental finding which in presence of misleading clinical history may be confused with other diseases. CT scan with delayed cuts and USG guided aspiration with biochemical analysis of fluid will help us in arriving to final diagnosis.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection and is one of the causal factors in cervical cancer. Understanding the epidemiology of this infection is an important step toward developing strategies for its prevention. Cervical samples from 210 healthy women with normal and abnormal cytomorphology were studied for the detection of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), utilizing the two most commonly used consensus primer sets. The primers; MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ located within the L1 region of HPV genome, amplified a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes in a single reaction. The PCR amplification of HPV genomes is a sensitive method that is used for the detection of cervicovaginal HPV. With the aim of identifying the HPV types, samples were also subjected to PCR using specific primers for HPV types 16 and 18. In addition, basic demographic information, sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual behavior were recorded. HPV was detected in 13.8% of the study population aged 18 to 57 years using PCR. HPV16 (6.6%) was more commonly detected than HPV18 (3.8%). The highest prevalence of HPV infection was seen in women below 27 years old, and then, a new increase was seen higher than the age of 48. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that younger age at marriage, economic status, parity, and dwelling are the major risk factors determining HPV infection.
Objectives:To compare the effectiveness and tolerability of misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent in first trimester abortion through three different routes of administration before surgical evacuation (SE).Materials and Methods:It was a hospital based prospective randomized open labeled parallel study. A total of 150 randomly selected married women were divided in three groups for sublingual (S/L), vaginal and oral 400 μg of misoprostol single dose administration. The drug was administered 3-4 h before SE in the S/L and vaginal groups and 12 h before the procedure in the oral group. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of time taken for ripening, dilatation achieved, duration of the procedure, intra-operative blood loss, and pain score. The tolerability was noted on the basis of side effects.Results:The mean time taken for cervical ripening was less in sublingual administration (3.7±1.2 hr) as compared to the vaginal and oral routes. The S/L group had significant cervical dilatation (P<0.001) and the duration of SE was less as compared to the vaginal and oral routes. However, the mean intraoperative blood loss was more in sublingual as compared to the vaginal and oral groups. The intra-operative pain score of the S/L group was significantly lower (1.9±1.1, P<0.05) as compared to the vaginal (2.6±1.7) or oral route (3.3±1.7). Loose motions and nausea/vomiting were more with the S/L and oral routes while blood loss was more in the vaginal route.Conclusion:Administration of misoprostol by the sublingual route is better than the oral and vaginal routes for cervical ripening.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v5i1.5054 NJOG 2010 Jul-Aug; 5(1): 12-16
Objectives: The basic aim of this study was to evaluate various causes of primary amenorrhea in Kashmiri adolescent females.Methods and material: the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on adolescent females with primary amenorrhoea in the age group of 13-19 years. A detailed history was taken and a thorough examination was done to note the secondary sexual characteristics. All cases were subjected to following investigationshaemoglobin, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, coagulation profile and hormonal profile. Radiological investigations and karyotyping were done in selected cases. Statistical analysis: Done by descriptive analysis.Results: Eugonadism was the commonest type of primary amenorrhoea and was seen in 68 cases. Imperforate hymen was seen in 28 cases and complete vaginal atresia in 16. Among hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (23 cases) constitutional delay was seen in 15 cases, 8 cases diagnosed as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was in fact having thyroid dysfunction. 3 cases with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism were seen and all were diagnosed as Turners syndrome. Conclusions:Though mullerian abnormalities are the most common cause of primary amenorrhoea, thyroid dysfunction should be taken as a possibility in evaluating primary amenorrhoea in an iodine deficient belt like Kashmir.
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