Many food packages (plastic wrappers) today cannot be broken down by the environment. therefore, it is necessary to add natural substances that can make the food package decompose and be resistant to contamination with bacteria. Poly lactic acid (PLA) is one of the natural polymers produced by several bacteria that grow in crops rich in carbohydrates (such as sugar beets, corn and others). This research aims to insert ZnO nanoparticles and chitosan into a plastic layer of PLA (poly lactic acid) which can improve the antibacterial properties of the resulting packaging. The method used in making PLA-ZnO-chitosan Nano composite is the precipitation method and the heating method. PLA-ZnO Nano composites were obtained by varying ZnO nanoparticles 0.5% by weight, 2% by weight, and 3.5% by weight. The results obtained in SEM images show that nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on the plastic surface. Antimicrobial tests show nanocomposites work effectively in deactivating E. coli and S. aureus. where it was found that E. coli was more susceptible to this type of nanocomposite, where there was a reduction of 3.4 logs to 3.5% ZnO loading in the PLA layer.
This paper focuses on the impact of humidity on the physical and mechanical behaviour of the bamboo/flax hybrid fibre-reinforced epoxy matrix composite. Composites made using bamboo fibre, and flax fibre-reinforced epoxy resin is immersed in water at room temperature (25°C) for 60 days and at 85°C for 2 days. The composite undergoes structural and microstructural changes at high temperatures (85°C) in 25 h. At both temperatures, composites that were not treated and treated had the decreased swelling behaviour, with 9% of composites treated with NaOH showing the highest level of swelling. Water absorption in the biocomposite is increasingly influenced by the poor bond between the fibres and the matrix. The results show that the maximum tensile strength for both conditions has an increase of about 2% at room temperature and a 13.6% reduction at 85°C compared with room temperature immersion.
The coating material used for the manufacture of polyurethane paint with the addition of bentonite into the matrix can improve thermal capability. The purpose of this study is to produce new material namely hybrid bentonite-chitosan which can be used as a filler for the manufacture of polyurethane paint, chitosan intercalation process into bentonite interlayer and increase the concentration of surfactant against the opening of bentonite interlayer. By varying the CEC of cationic surfactants (0.7 CEC, 1 CEC, and 1.3 CEC) and CEC anionic surfactants (0.1 CEC, 0.2 CEC and 0.3 CEC) to obtain the highest basal spacing, structure, and morphology, several characterization procedures have been carried out. From the results of interlayer bentonite analysis with modification of cationic and anionic surfactants using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) an increase in basal spacing from 14.18393 Å to 23,00023 Å. While the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) chemical structure of hybrid bentonite-chitosan at a wavelength of2800 cm-1 shows the C-H group, 1025 cm-1 shows the C-O group and polyurethane in the -OH absorption (3445 cm-1 ). This study can produce hybrid bentonite-chitosan material as a filler in the manufacture of polyurethane paint.
The active packaging material used for the manufacture of food packaging that has antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this research is to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on food surfaces, to improve nutritional quality and to extend the shelf life of food and reduce the environmental impact of packaging. The preparation is done Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is a natural antimicrobial being investigated for food packaging as a substitute for synthetic chemicals due to consumer concerns over food safety. In this study, lactic acid poly (PLA) and chitosan were successfully modified with essential oil (CEO) at concentrations (1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% v/v) that formed composite fibres with using a simple electrospinning method. The morphology of the composite fibres can be seen from PLA / CS-CEO-2.5 showing good stability of the CEO so that the antimicrobial activity is increased compared to other blends. PLA / CS-CEO fibre shows a high level of long-term inactivation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the CEO’s ongoing release, indicating that advanced PLA / CS-CEO fibres have great potential for active food packaging applications.
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