The Veterinary Formulary The third edition of The Veterinary Formulary, published by the British Veterinary Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, is available in a new, larger format and has been extensively revised. The formulary is available, price £52, overseas £55, from the

This study was carried out to offer a detailed ultrasonographic description of the pelvic girdle mature cows. Twenty mature and clinically healthy cows of the local (Balady) breed were examined ultrasonographically. A complete pelvic examination was carried out after animal restraint. All components of the pelvic girdle including osseous structures, joints, ligaments and tendons were examined and evaluated both externally and internally. For each measured item, the obtained results were compared between the right and left sides. The pelvic tuberosities (sacral tuber, coxal tuber, and ischial tuber) appeared as convex arches with a variant degree of irregularities on the surfaces. The bony outside surfaces of iliac wing and body and the ischium appeared as thin hyperechoic concave arches; while the inside surfaces of the tabula of the Ischium, pubis, medial aspect of the acetabulum and the iliac body appeared as thin hyperechoic convex arches. Pelvic articulations including hip joint and sacroiliac joint appeared as anechoic band bounded by hyperechoic arches. The pelvic tendon and ligaments appeared as echogenic structures with a longitudinal linear fiber pattern. The obtained results can be used as a guide for pelvic examination in mature cows.

This study was conducted to provide detailed a comparative ultrasonographic description of the pelvis in clinically normal horses and donkeys. It was carried out on 48 mature animals (30 horses and 18 donkeys). Evaluation of the pelvis was performed using transcutaneous and transrectal techniques. The following structures were examined: the tubera sacrales (the shape and distance between them and the distance between each of them and the first sacral spinous process), the ilial wing, the tuber coxae, the ilial body, the hip joint, the tuber ischii, the third trochanter, the appearance and measurements of the dorsal and lateral parts of the dorsal sacroiliac ligament and the thoracolumbar fascia, the ischiatic table, the obturator foramen and its contents, the pubis, the medial aspect of the acetabulum and the ilial body, the sacroiliac joint and the ventral aspect of the sacrum. For each evaluated structure, the results obtained were compared between horses and donkeys. A high correspondence was found between the pelvises of horses and donkeys concerning their ultrasonographic appearance and measurements, except for the cross sectional area of both dorsal parts of the dorsal sacroiliac ligament-thoracolumbar fascia combination, and the sacroiliac joint width, where there were significant differences between them. key words: donkey; horse; pelvic ultrasonography; transcutaneous; transrectal ________________________________________________________________________________________ introduction Infections and injuries of the pelvis are common in equine species. They are one of the major causes of hind limb lameness that greatly affects animal performance and may lead to its culling (ALMANZA and WHITCOMB, 2003; PILSWORTH, 2003; BERTONI

Out of 631 cases 90 cases showed 273 different types of complications. These complications were classified into two main types: Those from improper management (47.6%) which included fracture disease (21%) and implant failure (26.6%). While the other type of complications were referred to fracture healing (52.4%) which included delayedunion (16.1%), non-union (8.8%), mal-union (6.2%), hypertrophic callus (15.3%) and osteomyelitis (6%). The incidence of complications were studied and discussed in relation to the age, the weight of the animal, type & state of fracture, concurrent soft tissue injuries, type of reduction and the method or methods of fixation. The recorded complication were assessed radio-graphically and some of them undergone to surgical management. The obtained results showed that the incidence of complications was very high in humeral (29.3%) and femoral (35.2%) fractures particularly in young and senile ages, heavy weight dogs, long standing old fractures, compound comminuted fractures associated with severe concurrent soft tissue injuries and those fractures fixed via external cooptation or external skeletal fixation (ESF) and in some fractures fixed by internal fixation.

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