Background Oral hygiene is an integral part of general health of a person. Nurses qualified about oral care can play an important role in improving the quality of oral health in hospitalized patients. This study investigated the educational needs of nurses in the field of oral health of hospitalized patients. Methods The study used the modified Delphi method in three rounds. Fifty faculty members of the School of Dentistry and Nursing were selected via purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a demographic form and an open-ended questionnaire in the first round and a structured questionnaire in the next rounds. The analysis was performed using both content and descriptive analysis techniques. Results The top ten oral health education priorities for nurses were greater than 75% with a consensus level: oral anatomy and physiology, learning the signs and symptoms of common oral diseases, learning of oral medications and administration, learning the drugs that cause damage to the mouth and teeth, training in managing dental emergencies, patient education for tooth brushing and taking care of the mouth, especially in the elderly patient, providing oral and dental care, training for unconscious and fasting patients, undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and hospitalization in intensive care unit. Conclusion The findings of the study emphasized the need for interdisciplinary cooperation between nursing and dental professionals for the development of an oral health curriculum for nurses to promote and improve oral health and prevent dental diseases in hospitalized patients and the community.
Background. Our research was aimed to study p53 protein codon 72 polymorphism, a single base pair change of either arginine (Arg; CGC) or proline (Pro; CCC) that creates 3 distinct genotypes in reticular oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison to oral SCC which is the most common oral mucosal malignancy as positive control and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) lesion as negative control. Methods. Seventy paraffin-embedded tissue samples (30 OLP, 20 OSCC and 20 IFH) were studied. DNA was purified and amplified using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to detect polymorphism. The final amplified products were identified using gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test and odds ratio. Results. The mean ages in the OLP, OSCC and IFH groups were 43.28, 58.2 and 53.47 years, respectively, with significant differences. There were no significant differences in gender between the three groups (P=0.413); however, the differences in genotypes and alleles were significant between the three groups (P=0.021 and P=0.030, respectively). By considering IFH as a reference, the frequency of proline allele in OLP and OSCC was significantly higher than that of arginine allele (P=0.015 and P=0.028, respectively). In addition, by considering OSCC as a reference and at P=1, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between OSCC and OLP. Conclusion. The results might indicate the premalignant potential of OLP, and such polymorphism might be a genetic predisposing factor for conversion of OLP to OSCC. In addition, in the subjects evaluated the proline allele was considered a risk factor.
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Head and neck sarcomas involve a group of rare malignant diseases with a high histological variability involving various anatomical sites that can lead to under-reporting of the true incidence of these neoplasms. This study aimed to epidemiologically investigate the occurrence of sarcomas of the head and neck within the past 20 years in Yazd, Iran (1994-2014).
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity with a high mortality rate. Myofibroblast in the stroma of malignant tumor is one of the main factors that accelerates and modulates tumor progression and invasiveness. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the presence of myofibroblasts in reactive oral lesion and OSCC and to compare its staining in superficial and deep layers in different histological grades. Patients and Methods: The study included the archival tissues of 30 OSCCs and 30 oral reactive lesions. The myofibroblast was assessed in superficial and deep layers by immunohistochemical study of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. P < 0.017 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The results revealed that presence of myofibroblasts was significantly higher in OSCCs compared to oral reactive lesions (P = 0.0001). The results also showed that myofibroblasts presented more in the deep layers than in the superficial layers of OSCC (P = 0.0001). A statistically significant difference was observed in myofibroblasts among different histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings highlight that the presence of myofibroblast in the stroma, assessed by α-SMA, indicates tumor progression and invasiveness in the patients with OSCC.
Introduction: Odontogenic cysts and tumors are lesions found in the upper and lower jaw and oral soft tissue. The understanding and correct diagnosis of odontogenic tumors is essential because they can be invasive or recurrent in nature and even rarely show malignant changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of odontogenic tumors in Isfahan, Shiraz and Yazd cites.Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive- analytical study that was performed in the mentioned centers. The records of registered samples from the first year of establishment to 2018 have been reviewed which is approximately 18,000 cases. Samples data were extracted and recorded based on sex, age, jaw and location of involvement in affected jaw. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test (p value < 0.05).Results: In this study, a total of 498 odontogenic tumors were evaluated. The number of odontogenic tumors in Isfahan, Shiraz and Yazd cities was 313, 130 and 55, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.1 ± 15.9 and most of the patients were in the age group of 20 to 40 years and 53.4% were female. The most common sites of involvement were the right mandibular (29.1%) and then the left mandibular (28.3%) and the most common tumor was ameloblastoma (50.2%) and then complex odontoma (16.7%).Conclusion: Due to the frequency observed for odontogenic tumors, understanding the clinical and pathologic features of these lesions is essential for rapid and appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Background: Undoubtedly, lack of good quality sleep is a major problem for students, affecting their educational success causing them academic failure. Therefore, this study is carried out aiming to determine sleep quality and its relation with educational status of Iran University of Medical Sciences students. Methods: This study is a sectional-analytic one performed on dormitory and non-dormitory students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The criteria of entering the study include being student for at least one year, non-affliction to special diseases and not using drugs and tobacco. People were selected in proportional stratified sampling method after determining the sample volume (400), and Petersburg sleep quality questionnaires were distributed among them. After completion of the questionnaires, their data were extracted and introduced into SPSS version 21. The data obtained via T statistical tests for which Pearson correlation was analyzed were independent. Results: The sleep quality mark was higher than 5 for majority of the students including the dormitory and non-dormitory ones; expressing weak sleep quality. Sleep quality was 7.36 for dormitory students and 7.97 for non-dormitory ones; expressing significant statistical difference (p=0.018). The results suggest that educational status of non-dormitory students (0.22) is better than the dormitory ones (-1.23), and the difference is statistically significant (p=0.000). moreover, the results suggest that there is no relation between good sleep quality and educational status of the students (p=0.232). Conclusion: The study results suggest that sleep quality is not related to educational status. Considering that educational status is a complex matter and is affected by multiple factors including: intelligence, motivation and hard work, sleep quality plays less significant role regarding educational status.
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