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In modern dentistry, nanomaterials have strengthened their foothold among tissue engineering strategies for
treating bone and dental defects due to a variety of reasons, including trauma and tumors. Besides their finest physiochemical
features, the biomimetic characteristics of nanomaterials promote cell growth and stimulate tissue regeneration. The single
units of these chemical substances are small-sized particles, usually between 1 to 100 nm, in an unbound state. This unbound
state allows particles to constitute aggregates with one or more external dimensions and provide a high surface area.
Nanomaterials have brought advances in regenerative dentistry from the laboratory to clinical practice. They are particularly
used for creating novel biomimetic nanostructures for cell regeneration, targeted treatment, diagnostics, imaging, and the
production of dental materials. In regenerative dentistry, nanostructured matrices and scaffolds help control cell
differentiation better. Nanomaterials recapitulate the natural dental architecture and structure and form functional tissues
better compared to the conventional autologous and allogenic tissues or alloplastic materials. The reason is that novel
nanostructures provide an improved platform for supporting and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration.
In restorative dentistry, nanomaterials are widely used in constructing nanocomposite resins, bonding agents, endodontic
sealants, coating materials, and bioceramics. They are also used for making daily dental hygiene products such as mouth
rinses. The present article classifies nanostructures and nanocarriers in addition to reviewing their design and applications
for bone and dental regeneration.
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