This study was undertaken to investigate the pecten oculi of stork by using macroscopic, light and electron microscopic techniques. A total of 20 eyes that were obtained from 10 storks were used. The eyes were cleaned and isolated by dissection. After various procedures, four of the pecten oculi were examined by light microscope while the other four with an electron microscope. The remaining 12 eyes were assigned for macroscopic investigation. Pecten oculi of the stork were determined as accordion-like structures that originated from n. opticus, consisting of 15-17 plica and projecting up to 2/5 of the diameter of the bulbus oculi. Light microscopic examination revealed two types of blood vessels. Afferent-efferent vessels were larger in diamater (40-45 µm), fewer in numbers, and the capillary vessels were smaller in diamater (2-5 µm) and more in numbers. There were granules including amount of melanin pigment at the apical part of the pleats. These granules were fewer and scattered randomly on the basal part of the pleats. As a result, pecten oculi in the stork, which is a migrating bird, were determined to be similar to those of other diurnal birds.

Onuk, B., T€ ut€ unc€ u, S., Kabak, M. and Alan, A.2015. Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 96: 60-66.The tongues of ten seagulls and six common buzzards were examined. In both species, papillae linguales caudales were shaped like a letter "V" between the corpus linguae and the radix linguae. From these papillae, the length of the laterally placed papillae was greater compared with others in both species. Two or three secondary papillae were detected on these papillae in the seagull. In scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations, in the seagull, the apex linguae was composed of multilayered desquamated cells, while in the buzzard, scalelike simple projections on the surface of desquamated cells were observed. In the buzzard, glandula (gll). linguales, and gll. mandibulares caudales were seen, while in the seagull, gll. cricoarytenoideae and gll. mandibulares caudales were present. In the seagull, apex linguae were bifurcated, and there were desquamating multilayered cells, particularly at the apex linguae. The number and location of salivary gland orifices are specific to this species. The common buzzard had similarities to many characteristics of the long-legged buzzard. An absence of long and curly threadlike projections at the two lateral sides of the corpus linguae and an excessive number of salivary gland orifices at the corpus linguae were the main differences from the long-legged buzzard.

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The present study focused on the therapeutic effects of resveratrol in a rat model of blunt chest trauma-induced acute lung injury and the potential role of endocan as a biomarker of inflammation. They were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 7 in each group): control group (no treatment or trauma); trauma group (trauma-induced group); resveratrol group (resveratrol [0.3 mg/kg] administered via the i.p. route group); and resveratrol + trauma group (resveratrol [0.3 mg/kg] administered via the i.p. route 1 h prior to the induction of trauma At the end of the 24 h, all the experimental rats were sacrificed. Lung lobe and blood samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Serum endocan levels were found to be significantly higher in the travma, resveratrol, and resveratrol + trauma groups than in the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Moreover, in resveratrol + trauma group, endocan showed a significant increase compared to trauma and resveratrol group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Serum MDA level was significantly higher in the trauma group than in the control group (p = 0.017). SOD showed a significant increase in resveratrol and resveratrol + trauma groups compared to control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The present study suggested that resveratrol exerted antioxidant properties in a rat model of lung injury after blunt chest trauma. Thus, it may have therapeutic potential in cases of blunt chest trauma-induced lung injury. Serum levels of endocan were not correlated with the inflammation response. The clinical use of endocan as a biomarker of inflammation in lung injury caused by blunt chest trauma is not recommended.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the morphology, distribution and heterogeneity of mast cells in the tongues of seagull (Larus fuscus), common buzzard (Buteo buteo), goose (Anser anser), white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and Gerze rooster. The study used five samples of tongue material from each of the healthy adult avian species. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin (NBF) solution, then, after routine tissue follow-up, the samples blocked with paraplast. Cross-sections with 5-6 μm of thickness were stained with the 0.5% toluidine blue and alcian blue/safranin O (AB/SO). In all five avian species, it was found that the mast cells were in different sizes and round, oval or spindle-shaped based on their place of distribution. Mast cell numbers were determined in stained with toluidine blue, examined ×40 objectives in a 1 mm area. It was observed that mast cell density in subepithelial lamina propria and microscopic papilla was higher in the tongues of all species. Mast cell distribution and heterogeneity varied through the tongue, and there were more mast cells in the dorsal side of the tongue than the ventral side. The highest amount of mast cells was found in the tongue of the Gerze rooster among all five species. In the tongue cross-sections stained with the combined method of alcian blue/safranin O (AB/SO), the mast cells were stained as AB (+), SO (+) and AB/SO (+) (mixed).

Background and objectives: Despite advances in treatment modalities, the discovery of optimal medical therapies still remains a necessity in the management of pulmonary fi brosis. Material and methods:The experiments were performed in 35 adult Sprague Dawley rats, randomly allotted into one of fi ve groups (n=7). The control group was treated with 1 ml/kg, 0.9 % saline; the BLM group was given a single dose of BLM (2.5 U/kg); the BLM+ER group was treated with ER (10 mg/kg/day po) for 14 days after BLM administration; the BLM+SMT group was treated with i.p injections of SMT (20 mg/kg/ day) for 14 days after BLM administration; the BLM+ER+SMT group was treated with ER and SMT for 14 days after BLM administration. At the end of day 14, the results of histopathological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical investigations were analyzed. Results: Serum TNF-α, nitrate/nitrite, and TBARS levels signifi cantly increased in BLM group compared to control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). Lung tissue content of IL-6 was found to be lower in BLM+ER, BLM+SMT and BLM+ER+SMT groups compared to BLM group by immunhistochemical examinations (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the TNF-α reactions (p < 0.01 for each group) and NF-kB expressions were shown to be signifi cantly different among the study groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Based on our study, ER and SMT attenuate BLM-induced pulmonary fi brosis; the combination of two agents has a greater protective effi cacy against fi brosis than one alone, reducing the infl ammatory markers (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 31). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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