Goal. Assessment of the influence of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the intensity of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat as in a subsequent crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory atomic absorption method, mathematical and statistical processing. Results. cultivation of winter wheat after precursors of Medicago sativa I., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis arenaria Kit., Melilotus albus L., Lotus corniculatus L. or Galéga orientalis Lam. leads to a decrease in the content of lead by 1.8-2.5 times, cadmium – by 1.7–2.6 times, copper - 2.2–4.6 times and zinc - 1.6–1.9 times compared to winter wheat after corn precursor on silage. To obtain winter wheat with a minimum lead and copper content, the optimal precursor is Onobrychis arenaria Kit., with a minimum cadmium content - Galéga orientalis Lam. precursor, with a minimum copper and zinc content - the Trifolium precursorpratense L. The lowest influence on the reduction of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat grain is caused by the precursor Lotus corniculatus L. Thanks to the use of leguminous perennial herbs as a precursor to winter wheat, it is possible to reduce the accumulation coefficient of heavy metals by 1.1-2.9 times compared with the corn precursor on silage. The lowest accumulation coefficient of the studied heavy metals was observed after the precursor of Medicago sativa I. Conclusion. Leguminous perennial herbs - Medicago sativa I., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis arenaria Kit., Melilotus albus L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Galega orientalis Lam. promote optimization of soil condition by increasing the content of humus, minerals nutrients, optimization of soil acidity. As a result, they reduce the accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc) in winter wheat as the next crop in crop rotation and contribute to the reduction of accumulation coefficient of heavy metals in winter wheat.
The article is devoted to the study of the intensity accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) by vegetables in agricultural lands. Vegetable products play important role in human nutrition and requirements for quality and safety are very strict. The study was conducted on dark gray podzolic soils in the Tyvriv district of the Vinnytsia region. The fruits of the cucumber variety Dzherelo, the zucchini variety Chaklun, and the pea variety Geneva were used for the research. It is noted that the main indicators of climatic conditions during the study period were favorable for growing vegetables. It was determined that among vegetables (food peas, zucchini, cucumber) the highest content of heavy metals was observed in pea fruits. At the same time, it was found that the Cd content in pea fruits exceeded the PL (permissible level) by 1.61 times at a concentration of heavy metals in the soil below the TVL. Among heavy metals (Pb, Cd) higher migration and translocation were observed in the studied vegetables according to Cd, and among heavy metals-trace elements (Zn and Cu) -according to Cu. It was found that pea fruits were characterized by the highest coefficient of accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu). The risk factor for heavy metals in the studied vegetables was lower than the threshold level of 0.1, except for Cd in peas, where this figure was 1.61 times higher.
The article presents the results of studies on the concentration of heavy metals in edible mushrooms (Suillus luteus (Lat.), Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.), Armillaria mellea (Lat.), harvested in the conditions of the SE "Vinnytsia Forestry", and the hazard ratio of these toxicants for the human body is determined. The purpose of the research was to study changes in the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper) in mushrooms during their preservation in marinade. A comparative assessment of the concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in fresh and preserved in marinade was carried out. Changes in the concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in mushrooms and their hazard ratio during their preservation in marinade are shown. A different intensity of accumulation of heavy metals was revealed by the mushrooms Suillus luteus (Lat.), Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.) and Armillaria mellea (Lat.), collected in the conditions of the studied forest area. It was established that the highest content of lead and cadmium was found in Suillus luteus (Lat.), and zinc and copper in Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.). A lower concentration of lead by 1.14 times, 1.29 and 1.08 times, cadmium – by 1.62 times, 1.68 and 1.4 times, zinc was found in Suillus luteus (Lat.) - 1.2 times, 1.4 and 1.1 times, copper - 1.3 times, 2.2 and 1.8 times, compared to mushrooms before their processing and canning. Similar changes were found in the hazard ratio of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in mushrooms preserved in marinade. In particular, the hazard ratio of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper was lower in Suillus luteus (Lat.) by 1.55 times, 1.62, 1.25, and 2.1 times; Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.) - 1.29 times, 1.68, 1.43 and 2.9 times; Armillaria mellea (Lat.) - 1.08 times, 1.4, 1.17 and 1.88 times, respectively, compared to fresh mushrooms.
Наведені результати досліджень з вивчення балансу свинцю, кадмію, цинку та міді у організмі курей породи Редбро за введення в їх раціон кремнієво-мінеральної витяжки. Вивчено рівень забруднення м'яса птиці, виробленого в умовах інтенсивного землеробства, де спостерігається значне забруднення грунтів шкідливими речовинами, зокрема важкими металами. Одним із найбільш потужних джерел забруднення грунтів важкими металами є мінеральні добрива, обсяги використання яких за останні роки на Вінничині збільшилися у 2,8 раза. За даних умов суттєво знижується якість та безпека вирощеної продукції рослинництва та виробленої із неї кормової сировини. Встановлено, що введення в раціон курей крпемнієво-мінеральної витяжки шляхом заміни 10% добової їх
Providing bees with benign and sufficient protein feeds is the key to successful beekeeping. Protein feed significantly affects on certain functions of individuals and the vital activity and productivity of the bee colonies. So, as a result of increased consumption of protein feed during the first days of life the supply of proteins in the body significantly increases in young bees, hypopharyngeal glands and other organs become developed, which provides the ability to perform various tasks depending on age and living conditions. Older bees consume protein for tissue renewal with new cells and metabolic processes. Bees raised on low protein feeds become physiologically defective and do not live long. In conditions of protein starvation, brood rearing stops and bees throw larvae out of their cells. The article presents the results of studying the effect of using soy flour and its processed products in bee feeding on the essential amino acids content in their body. It was found that the use of soy peptone in bee feeding contributes to a greater accumulation of essential amino acids in the bees body in different periods of their development, in compared to soy milk, defatted soy flour and roasted soy flour which indicates a higher efficiency of its use as partial substitutes for protein feeds.
The intensity of damaging the nectar and pollen trees of forest lands, parks and woods in the conditions of Vinnytsia region has been studied. It has been found that in the zones of the highest local overspreading of Viscum album L. on the nectar and pollen trees, the following sequence of their damage is observed, in particular, in the conditions of forest lands: Tilia cordata L.-Tilia platyphyllos L. -Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.; in the parks: Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.- Tilia cordata L.- Acer campestre L.- Tilia platyphyllos L. - Robinia pseudoacacia L.; in the woods: Robinia pseudoacacia L. - Tilia platyphyllos L. - Acer tataricum L. It depended both on the composition of the nectar and pollen trees and their number in the area of distribution of the parasite. It was found that the level of damage to the nectar-dust-bearing trees of forest lands, parks and forest strips was respectively within 11.7% - 34.6%, 28.5% - 85.5% and 38.4% - 84.8%. Characterizing the intensity of distribution of white mistletoe within the forest lands, it should be noted that damage to the Tilia cordata L. – 34,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 23,5%, Acer platanoides L. and Acer tataricum L.– 25,0% and 11,7% . In the conditions of park plantations, damage to Viscum album L.: Tilia cordta– 51,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 52,9%, Viscum album L. – 28,5%, Acer platanoides L. – 85,5%, Acer campestre L. – 71,4% and Acer tataricum L.– 63,6%. Analysis of the intensity of Viscum album L. distribution on the nectar-pollen-bearing trees of the forest area under the highways showed that this parasite was damaged: Tilia platyphyllos L. – 38,4%, Viscum album L. – 84%, Acer campestre L. – 42,8%. The intensity of damage to nectar-pollen was found to depend on the dominant tree species in the area of local Viscum album L. In the woodland, a greater proportion of the nectar-bearing trees were Tilia, in the park zones – Acer platanoides L. and in the forest strips -– Viscum album L., at the same time, and a larger percentage were observed of damaged trees in these species. The distribution of Viscum album L. depended not only on the breed of nectar-pollen-bearing trees, but also on the number of trees of a particular variety in the area of their local damage by this parasite.
The research aimed to study the radioprotective and sorption properties of beespine, which refers to the bodies of bees that die during the winter season. The goal was to expand the range of applications for beespine by exploring its potential as a source of radioprotective and sorption properties. The study found that beespine contains biologically active substances, including melitin, melanin, and sulfur-containing amino acids. These substances exhibited radioprotective and sorption properties, which could potentially be beneficial when ingested by quails as part of their feed mixture. Overall, the research suggests that beespine has the potential to be used in various applications beyond its current use as a waste product from beekeeping. Its radioprotective and sorption properties could have practical uses in areas such as animal feed and potentially even in human medicine. In particular, it was observed an increase in the lifespan of quails from 1.5 to 2.2 times with a content of 2 to 7.5% of beespine in the form of a powdered biological mass in the feed mixture after their fractional local irradiation of gamma rays with a total dose of 90 gr, compared to the poultry, in the diet of which there was no beespine. It was also determined that the removal from the bodies of quails with indigestible feed remains (droppings) of 137 Cs by 6.6 p.p., 90 Sr by 18.7 p.p., Pb by 15.3 p.p. and Cd by 34.6 p.p., respectively, was observed to be higher when adding the beespine (3%) in their diet. It was found a lower level of 137 Cs by 32.7%, Pb by 53.2% and Cd by 20.0% in their muscle tissue, compared to their analogues that were not fed beespine.
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