Goal. Assessment of the influence of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the intensity of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat as in a subsequent crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory atomic absorption method, mathematical and statistical processing. Results. cultivation of winter wheat after precursors of Medicago sativa I., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis arenaria Kit., Melilotus albus L., Lotus corniculatus L. or Galéga orientalis Lam. leads to a decrease in the content of lead by 1.8-2.5 times, cadmium – by 1.7–2.6 times, copper - 2.2–4.6 times and zinc - 1.6–1.9 times compared to winter wheat after corn precursor on silage. To obtain winter wheat with a minimum lead and copper content, the optimal precursor is Onobrychis arenaria Kit., with a minimum cadmium content - Galéga orientalis Lam. precursor, with a minimum copper and zinc content - the Trifolium precursorpratense L. The lowest influence on the reduction of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat grain is caused by the precursor Lotus corniculatus L. Thanks to the use of leguminous perennial herbs as a precursor to winter wheat, it is possible to reduce the accumulation coefficient of heavy metals by 1.1-2.9 times compared with the corn precursor on silage. The lowest accumulation coefficient of the studied heavy metals was observed after the precursor of Medicago sativa I. Conclusion. Leguminous perennial herbs - Medicago sativa I., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis arenaria Kit., Melilotus albus L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Galega orientalis Lam. promote optimization of soil condition by increasing the content of humus, minerals nutrients, optimization of soil acidity. As a result, they reduce the accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc) in winter wheat as the next crop in crop rotation and contribute to the reduction of accumulation coefficient of heavy metals in winter wheat.
The article is devoted to the study of the intensity accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) by vegetables in agricultural lands. Vegetable products play important role in human nutrition and requirements for quality and safety are very strict. The study was conducted on dark gray podzolic soils in the Tyvriv district of the Vinnytsia region. The fruits of the cucumber variety Dzherelo, the zucchini variety Chaklun, and the pea variety Geneva were used for the research. It is noted that the main indicators of climatic conditions during the study period were favorable for growing vegetables. It was determined that among vegetables (food peas, zucchini, cucumber) the highest content of heavy metals was observed in pea fruits. At the same time, it was found that the Cd content in pea fruits exceeded the PL (permissible level) by 1.61 times at a concentration of heavy metals in the soil below the TVL. Among heavy metals (Pb, Cd) higher migration and translocation were observed in the studied vegetables according to Cd, and among heavy metals-trace elements (Zn and Cu) -according to Cu. It was found that pea fruits were characterized by the highest coefficient of accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu). The risk factor for heavy metals in the studied vegetables was lower than the threshold level of 0.1, except for Cd in peas, where this figure was 1.61 times higher.
The article presents the results of studies on the concentration of heavy metals in edible mushrooms (Suillus luteus (Lat.), Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.), Armillaria mellea (Lat.), harvested in the conditions of the SE "Vinnytsia Forestry", and the hazard ratio of these toxicants for the human body is determined. The purpose of the research was to study changes in the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper) in mushrooms during their preservation in marinade. A comparative assessment of the concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in fresh and preserved in marinade was carried out. Changes in the concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in mushrooms and their hazard ratio during their preservation in marinade are shown. A different intensity of accumulation of heavy metals was revealed by the mushrooms Suillus luteus (Lat.), Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.) and Armillaria mellea (Lat.), collected in the conditions of the studied forest area. It was established that the highest content of lead and cadmium was found in Suillus luteus (Lat.), and zinc and copper in Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.). A lower concentration of lead by 1.14 times, 1.29 and 1.08 times, cadmium – by 1.62 times, 1.68 and 1.4 times, zinc was found in Suillus luteus (Lat.) - 1.2 times, 1.4 and 1.1 times, copper - 1.3 times, 2.2 and 1.8 times, compared to mushrooms before their processing and canning. Similar changes were found in the hazard ratio of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in mushrooms preserved in marinade. In particular, the hazard ratio of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper was lower in Suillus luteus (Lat.) by 1.55 times, 1.62, 1.25, and 2.1 times; Lactarius deliciosus (Lat.) - 1.29 times, 1.68, 1.43 and 2.9 times; Armillaria mellea (Lat.) - 1.08 times, 1.4, 1.17 and 1.88 times, respectively, compared to fresh mushrooms.
Наведені результати досліджень з вивчення балансу свинцю, кадмію, цинку та міді у організмі курей породи Редбро за введення в їх раціон кремнієво-мінеральної витяжки. Вивчено рівень забруднення м'яса птиці, виробленого в умовах інтенсивного землеробства, де спостерігається значне забруднення грунтів шкідливими речовинами, зокрема важкими металами. Одним із найбільш потужних джерел забруднення грунтів важкими металами є мінеральні добрива, обсяги використання яких за останні роки на Вінничині збільшилися у 2,8 раза. За даних умов суттєво знижується якість та безпека вирощеної продукції рослинництва та виробленої із неї кормової сировини. Встановлено, що введення в раціон курей крпемнієво-мінеральної витяжки шляхом заміни 10% добової їх
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