Purpose. To reveal features of formation of productivity and quality of commercial products of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) depending on ways of application of growth regulator Bioglobin in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical. Results. With the introduction of the growth regulator Bioglobin, the mass of a parsnip root increased from 207 to 249 g (control – 196 g). A large mass of roots – 244 and 249 g – was observed when processing seeds with Bioglobin (0.5 l/ha) + foliar fertilization in two stages and seed treatment with Bioglobin (0.5 l/ha) + foliar fertilization in three stages, which is higher than control (without treatment) for 48 and 53 g, or 20.4 and 27.0%, respectively. High yields of roots of parsnip cultivar ‘Stymul’ were obtained in 6 and 8 variants of the experiment – 53.5 and 54.7 t/ha, yield increase was 10.3 and 11.4 t/ha, or 23.8 and 26.4% in accordance. There is a strong relationship (r = 0.98 and 0.99) between yield and weight of parsnip root. Qualitative indicators of root crops (dry matter, amount of sugars and vitamin C) improved with increasing number of treatments with growth regulator Bioglobin. There is a tendency to decrease the concentration of nitrates in roots with increasing number of treatments with growth regulator. In general, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the roots in all variants of the experiment did not exceed the threshold limit value (TLV) (400 mg/kg of raw weight). Conclusions. An increase in the number of treatments for parsnip seeds and foliar application of the growth regulator Bioglobin ensured an increase in the mass of root crops, an increase in their yield, marketability and an improvement in the quality of commercial products. The highest yield – 54.7 t/ha of marketable root crops of parsnip variety ‘Stymul’ was obtained when processing seeds with Bioglobin (0.5 l/ha) + foliar feeding in three stages.
Mycorrhizal fungi can increase the effectiveness of a mineral fertilizer top dressing, positively affecting sweet pepper yield and quality. For this reason, an experiment was carried out between 2014 and 2016 to study the effect of top dressing doses and the inoculation of the root system with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yield of sweet pepper and the content of nutrients and macro- and microelements in the fruits. Root inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and mineral fertilizer doses were used as experimental factors with the following combinations: (1) mycorrhization: control (without AMF); AMF applied to the plant root zone during seedling production; AMF applied to the plant root zone after seedlings were transferred to pots; (2) top dressing doses: basic dose (100%); 50% of the basic dose; 25% of the basic dose. The sweet pepper fruits were harvested during physiological maturity. AMF inoculation of the root zone resulted in high sweet pepper yields of good quality. In particular, mycorrhizal fungi applied to the root system during seedling production positively affected the pepper yield and biometric characteristics, with fruits of the thickest pericarp and the largest mass. In the experimental units with AMF, the reduction in the top dressing fertilizer dose by 50% and 75% did not cause a statistically significant decrease in the yield of peppers and did not result in a deterioration of the biometric characteristics of the plants and fruits or a reduction in the biological value of the fruits. Despite the reduction in top dressing dose by 50% and 75%, AMF contributed to the accumulation of similar amounts of phosphorus in the sweet pepper fruits. The top dressing dose of 50% applied during seedling production to the experimental units with mycorrhizal fungi resulted in a significant increase in the content of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. A significant increase in the amount of sodium in the fruits was noted in the experimental units with mycorrhizal fungi applied to the roots when the seedlings were transferred to pots. To summarize, the application of mycorrhizal fungi to the pepper root zone during seedling production is recommended because it has a positive effect on the yield and its quality. In the unit with mycorrhiza, a lower dose of mineral fertilizers did not result in a significant decrease in the yield of pepper fruits.
The article analyzes the technological process of manufacturing photopolymer flexographic plates, determines the danger from the point of view of ecological impact that certain technological processes can cause, and proposes measures that minimize their dangerous impact on the environment. A comparison of the properties of solvents and their advantages and at the same time harmfulness was carried out with the establishment of the reasons for the subsequent development of alternative organic solvents and the operation of washout flexographic photopolymer printing plates with water or waters solutions. General strategic directions for solving the problem of using volatile organic solvents have been established. The following classification of ways to solve this problem is proposed: use of less toxic solvents or water; elimination of the washing operation from the technological process of manufacturing flexographic photopolymer plates; development of new technological processes for the production of flexographic plates. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of mold manufacturing technologies, a change in the anthropogenic factor was established as a result of improving processes and their environmentalization. It is shown that by introducing information and laser technologies into the technological processes of manufacturing printing forms due to the reduction of the influence of the anthropogenic factor, a significant improvement in the environmental safety of production is achieved, although the introduction of such technology requires large capital investments. According to the results of a comparative analysis of printing plate manufacturing technologies, the so-called ecological factor is shown as a result of improving processes and their ecologization. If we talk about spent photopolymer plates, then the problem of their disposal is still open. Taking into account the current negative effects on the economy of Ukraine, the use of more environmentally friendly technologies and materials in the flexographic sector of printing depends to a greater extent on the economic situation at specific enterprises, and not on the purposeful environmental policy of the state.
The article presents the results of research on environmental, energy and economic efficiency of the use of alternative energy sources to provide heat to buildings located on the territory of nature reserves. Spending of time on the territory of the nature reserve fund gives the chance of various kinds of rest: use of bicycle routes, ecological paths, the organized places of recreation, etc. Therefore, in specially designated areas complexes are built for vacationers. They provide them with a comfortable stay and the opportunity to get the most out of the chosen type of recreation. Electricity networks are most often used to provide buildings with electric power on the territory of nature reserve facilities. However, this has a significant negative impact on the environment. Many of these facilities are located at a great distance from the settlements, that increases the cost of electrification and gasification. Such facilities require large investments in hot water and heat. Therefore, alternative energy sources are suitable for such cases. The main advantage of using solar panels and heat pump is their environmental friendliness and long period of operation without major repairs. It is established that for the installation of vertical probes it is enough to use four branches 106 m long. For this combined system it is necessary to install six solar collectors, which will provide monthly heat production in the amount of 514.03 MJ. The use of solar collectors and a heat pump to provide heat to the visitor center will reduce the annual operating costs by 4.63 times compared to the costs required for the operation of a system that would operate on the basis of a gas boiler. The use of a combined heat supply system will make it possible to abandon the use of 7156.3 kg of conventional fuel and as a result will reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the amount of 7871.9 kg. Our country is interested in the use of renewable energy sources by reducing the cost of traditional energy sources, the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during combustion. The state receives direct income from the sale of quotas for harmful emissions.
Снітинський В., Дидів А., Качмар Н., Дацко Т., Іванків М. Вплив кадмію на біологічну та ферментативну активність ґрунту за вирощування буряка столового залежно від застосування добрив та меліорантів У потоці життя ґрунтів мікроорганізми виконують багато важливих функцій. Проте через значне забруднення агробіоценозів важкими металами відбуваються незворотні зміни у структурі та функціях екосистеми ґрунту. Особливо істотних змін під впливом рухомих форм кадмію, свинцю, ртуті, цинку, міді зазнає ґрунтова біота, внаслідок чого виникають порушення у процесах ґрунтоутворення, що відображається у зменшенні чисельності та біомасі мікроорганізмів, зниженні рівня ферментативної активності та інтенсивності виділення діоксиду вуглецю з ґрунту. За токсичної дії важких металів на мікроорганізми ґрунту посилюються прояви ґрунтовтоми та втрати родючості ґрунту, внаслідок чого спостерігається зниження врожайності та найважливішеякості рослинницької продукції. Тому для підвищення біологічної активності ґрунту вносять органічні й бактеріальні добрива, використовують сидерати, правильно чергують культури у сівозміні, а також застосовують кальцієві меліоранти для підтримання сприятливих фізико-хімічних властивостей ґрунту, підвищення його родючості та стійкості до забруднення важкими металами.Дослідженнями встановлено, що за внесення органічної та органо-мінеральної систем удобрення у поєднанні з вапнуванням ґрунту в нормі Біогумус 4 т/га + СаСО 3 5 т/га та N 34 P 34 K 34 + Біогумус 2 т/га + СаСО 3 5 т/га за вирощування буряка столового інтенсивність виділення діоксиду вуглецю з ґрунту була найбільшою, відповідно 18,9 та 17,3 мг CO 2 /100 г ґрунту за добу за ймовірної різниці до контролю (без добрив) -р < 0,01. Із збільшенням градації змодельованого забруднення ґрунту кадмієм біологічна активність зменшувалась у всіх варіантах досліду.Внесені добрива та меліоранти сприяли зменшенню рухомості йонів Cd 2+ у ґрунті і тим самим знижували їхню інгібуючу дію на ґрунтові ферменти, внаслідок чого спостерігали підвищення їхньої активності. Визначено, що за внесення Біогумусу 4 т/га + 5 т/га СаСО 3 спостерігали найбільшу ферментативну активність пероксидази у ґрунті, відповідно 130,2 мг пурпургаліну на 100 г ґрунту, що більше за контроль ( без добрив) на 42,9 мг пурпургаліну на 100 г ґрунту, або 32,9 % (р < 0,01). Застосування органічних та мінеральних добрив у поєднанні з вапнуванням ґрунту сприяло підвищенню ферментативної активності пероксидази у ґрунті на 5,8-57,2 % за вірогідної різниці до контролю р < 0,05-0,01. Виявлено сильну кореляційну залежність ( r = 0,89-0,98) між інтенсивністю виділення CO 2 з ґрунту, ферментативною активністю пероксидази, концентрацією кадмію в коренеплодах буряка столового та концентрацією рухомих форм Cd 2+ у ґрунті.Раціональне застосування органічних та мінеральних добрив у поєднанні з кальцієвими меліорантами у нормі Біогумус 4 т/га + СаСО 3 5 т/га та N 34 P 34 K 34 + Біогумус 2 т/га + СаСО 3 5 т/га за вирощування буряка столового значно зменшило рухомість катіонів Cd 2+ у ґрунті, знизило їхню токсичну дію н...
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