Resumo -Este texto tem dois objetivos: o primeiro é documentar a evolução da desigualdade no Brasil nas últimas três décadas, e o segundo é decompor a queda na desigualdade nos últimos três anos para apontar os fenômenos responsáveis por tal fato.
We decompose changes in the Gini coefficient to investigate whether the Conditional Cash Tranfers (CCT) have had an inequality reducing effect in three Latin American countries: Brasil, Mexico and Chile. We conclude that CCT programs helped reducing inequality between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s. The share of total income represented by the CCTs is very small, less than 1%. But as their targeting is outstanding, the equalising impact of CCTs was responsible for about 21% of the fall in Brazilian and Mexican inequality figures In Chile the effect was responsible for around 15% of the reduction.
Government responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic have differed in scope and design, with important implications for the labour market as a whole but also for specific groups of workers. This article analyses transitions in the labour market in the first two quarters of 2020 and compares them with transitions in the previous year for seven middle and high‐income countries. We find that governments that favoured wage subsidies over other forms of income support were able to lessen labour market volatility, but that in all seven countries studied, the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated labour market inequalities.
The rhythm in the fall of inequality in Brazil is acceptable? Evidences of the historical and international context. The following study uses two approaches to answer the question of whether inequality in Brazil is falling fast enough. The first is to compare the variation of the Gini coefficient in Brazil with what was observed in several countries that today belong to the OCDE (United Kingdom, United States, Netherlands, Sweden, France, Norway, and Spain) while these same countries built their social welfare systems during the last century. The second approach is to calculate for how much Brazil must keep up the fall in the Gini coefficient to attain the same levels of inequality of three OCDE countries that can be used as a reference: Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The data indicate that the Gini coefficient in Brazil is falling 0.7 point per year and that this is superior to the rhythm of all the OCDE countries analyzed while they built their welfare systems but Spain, whose Gini fell 0.9 point per year during the 1950s. The time needed to attain various benchmarks in inequality are: 6 years to Mexico, 12 to the United States and 24 to Canadian inequality levels. The general conclusion is that the speed with which inequality is falling is adequate, but the challenge will be to keep inequality falling at the same rate for another two or three decades.Keywords: inequality; income distribution; international comparissons. JEL Classification: D31.A qUEDA NA DESIGUALDADE é OU NãO SUBSTANCIAL A recente queda na desigualdade no Brasil tem sido exaustivamente documentada em diversas publicações nos últimos dois anos. Talvez por vir de modo um Revista de Economia Política, vol 30, nº 3 (119), pp 364-380 julho-setembro/2010
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.