PurposeThis study was performed to quantitatively evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of cataracts in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsEight hundred fifty patients (males: 342, mean age: 58.07±8.60 years) with diabetes who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation were studied retrospectively. Diabetic patients were classified into a cataract group and control group (i.e. a group without cataracts). Risk factors like sex, age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, BUN, creatinine, and total cholesterol were compared between patients with and without cataracts.ResultsFour hundred twenty-five patients (50.00%) had cataracts at evaluation. Females were more common in the cataract group than the control group. The mean age did not differ between the two groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels were not different between the two groups. Duration of diabetes was significantly longer in patients in the cataract group than in the control group (13.03±6.96 years vs. 7.03±6.04 years, p<0.001). The patients in the cataract group also had higher levels of HbA1c, BUN, creatinine, and fasting blood sugar than those in the control group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the duration of diabetes (p<0.001) was significantly correlated with the presence of cataracts.ConclusionsThe duration of diabetes was the most significant risk factor for cataracts in patients with diabetes. This finding indicates that the accumulated effect of hyperglycemia is related to lens transparency in patients with diabetes.
PurposeTo determine the pathogenesis of transient myopia after blunt eye trauma.MethodsIn one patient, the refraction of both eyes (the left eye was injured, but the right eye was not) was measured with an autorefractometer. The cycloplegic refraction was measured at the early stage of trauma and again 3 months after the blunt eye injury. The angle and depth of the anterior chamber, the ciliary body, and the choroids were examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) over 3 months. The depth of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens, and the axial length were measured by A-scan ultrasonography in both eyes. During the 3 months after the injury, we made comparisons between the menifest and the cycloplegic refractions, the depths of anterior chambers, the thickness of the lenses, the axial lengths, and the UBM-determined appearances of the angles and depths of the anterior chambers, the ciliary bodies, and the choroids in both eyes.ResultsWe suspect that the depth reduction in the anterior chamber, the increase in anterior to posterior lens diameter, and the edema in the ciliary body are all related to the change in the refractive power following the blunt trauma.ConclusionsUltrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and ultrasonography of the anterior segment in the eye may be helpful to diagnose and confirm changes in the refractive power that occur after trauma.
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