PurposeTo determine the pathogenesis of transient myopia after blunt eye trauma.MethodsIn one patient, the refraction of both eyes (the left eye was injured, but the right eye was not) was measured with an autorefractometer. The cycloplegic refraction was measured at the early stage of trauma and again 3 months after the blunt eye injury. The angle and depth of the anterior chamber, the ciliary body, and the choroids were examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) over 3 months. The depth of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens, and the axial length were measured by A-scan ultrasonography in both eyes. During the 3 months after the injury, we made comparisons between the menifest and the cycloplegic refractions, the depths of anterior chambers, the thickness of the lenses, the axial lengths, and the UBM-determined appearances of the angles and depths of the anterior chambers, the ciliary bodies, and the choroids in both eyes.ResultsWe suspect that the depth reduction in the anterior chamber, the increase in anterior to posterior lens diameter, and the edema in the ciliary body are all related to the change in the refractive power following the blunt trauma.ConclusionsUltrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and ultrasonography of the anterior segment in the eye may be helpful to diagnose and confirm changes in the refractive power that occur after trauma.
PurposeTo evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) in retarding progression of severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective case control study of 128 patients with normotensive type 2 diabetes with lower than +1 dipstick proteinuria and severe NPDR who were classified into either an ACE-I treated group (Enalapril maleate 10 mg, n=12 , Ramipril 5 mg, n=17) or an ACE-I untreated group (n=99). Medical records were reviewed for endpoints of (a) occurrence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or macular edema (ME) for which laser phototherapy was necessary or (b) development of proteinuria of higher than +1 level requiring medication of ACE-I.ResultsFrom the total of 128 patients, there were 29 ACE-I treated patients and 99 ACE-I untreated patients. There were no differences in the average age, duration of diabetes, body mass indices, blood pressure and levels of hyperglycemia or HbA1C between the two groups. Blood pressure and HbA1C levels in both groups remained unchanged during the study. The mean follow-up period was 41.6 months. In the ACE-I group, 6 patients progressed to PDR, 5 to ME and 6 developed proteinuria of greater than +1 over the follow-up period. In the control group, 30 patients progressed to PDR, 6 to ME and 9 developed proteinuria of greater than +1 over the follow-up period.ConclusionsSmall doses of ACE-I did not yield any beneficial effects in retarding the progression of severe NPDR.
PurposeTo investigate the effect of dark rearing immediately after birth on the maturation of the visual relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus.MethodsFifty neonatal rats were used. Neonates of the control groups were raised under a normal light/dark cycle. Neonates of the experiment groups were dark reared and isolated from light during the entire experimental period, then exposed to the sun light for 1 hour before sacrifice.ResultsIn the control groups, the neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus developed normally at each age tested. In the experiment groups, the cytoplasm of the large neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of 2-week-old rats contained small vesicles, and the cytoplasm of the large neurons of 4-week-old rats was converted into a vacuole-like space. Moreover, c-Fos immunoreactivity of the large neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the experiment groups was significantly increased compared to that of the control groups.ConclusionsWe suppose that the maturation of the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus might be influenced by light stimulation during the critical period. Furthermore, c-Fos could be a marker of the functional activity of the visual relay neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus in albino rats.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Tecnis® toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for the correction of astigmatism and rotational stability during cataract surgery in patients with cataract and astigmatism. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 17 eyes of 14 patients with 1 to 4 diopters (D) of corneal astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification and Tecnis ® toric IOL implantation at Seoul National University Hospital from June 2013 to May 2014. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the clinical trial. We evaluated the changes in visual acuity, refraction, astigmatism, IOL axis and higher order aberration for 3 months postoperatively. Power vector analysis was used to analyze astigmatism. Results: The mean uncorrected visual acuity (log MAR) significantly improved from 0.58 ± 0.34 to 0.26 ± 0.43 at 3 months postoperatively. The mean refractive astigmatism was significantly decreased by 77.9% from a mean value of -2.67 ± 0.89 D to -0.59 ± 0.48 D at 3 months postoperatively. According to power vector analysis, M, B, J0, and J45 were significantly reduced after the surgery. The mean difference between achieved and intended IOL axis was 3.26 degrees clockwise at postoperative 3 months, which was statistically insignificant. Most of the rotational changes were observed within a month after the surgery. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification and Tecnis® toric IOL implantation in patients with cataracts and astigmatism showed efficacy for the correction of astigmatism and rotational stability. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(10):1544-1551
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