Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cataracts in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Kim, Seong Il; Kim, Sung Jin

doi:10.3341/kjo.2006.20.4.201

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Diabetes and other metabolic diseases have also been implicated in the development of cataract. [36][37][38][39] We thus seek to state that, our oculo-visual findings may have possibly been influenced by some conditions present among the butchers and that they are not solely due to the environment in which they work. It was also confirmed that, none of the respondents in this study used any form of personal protective equipment during the singeing of the hide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular conditions among singed–hide butchers at The Kumasi abattoir

Kumah

Bisiw

Abdul–Kabir

et al. 2015

JER

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This study attempted to determine the prevalent eye conditions among singed-hide butchers at the Kumasi abattoir (slaughterhouse) in Ghana. A cross-sectional study comprising 80 conveniently chosen singed-hide butchers at the abattoir was conducted. History taken from participants included participants' demographics and ocular and occupational history. Ocular examination included ophthalmoscopy and visual acuity. Diagnoses were made on the presence of a condition(s) in either or both eyes. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to analyze data collected. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were employed.The overall prevalence of ocular morbidities was 63.8% among the respondents.Ocular itchiness (77.5%) was the most widely reported symptom followed by teary eyes (70.0%). All respondents suffered from one or more oculo-visual symptoms. The commonest ocular diseases were pinguecula (38.8%), followed by pterygium (20.0%), conjunctivitis (2.5%) and cataract (2.5%). It was observed that singed-hide butchers at the Kumasi abattoir were at high risk of developing eye diseases attributable to the working environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular conditions among singed–hide butchers at The Kumasi abattoir

Kumah

Bisiw

Abdul–Kabir

et al. 2015

JER

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show abstract

“…It affects the ability of the eye to focus light and create clear images [8]. Duration of diabetes and glycemic control are important risk factors in the development of diabetic cataracts [9, 10]. Interestingly, diabetic cataracts are more likely to form in those with type 2 diabetes under the age of 18 and in those with type 1 diabetes from ages 18 to 44 years old [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldose reductase expression as a risk factor for cataract

Snow

Shieh

Chang

et al. 2015

Chemico-Biological Interactions

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Aldose reductase (AR) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic eye diseases, including cataract and retinopathy. However, not all diabetics develop ocular complications. Paradoxically, some diabetics with poor metabolic control appear to be protected against retinopathy, while others with a history of excellent metabolic control develop severe complications. These observations indicate that one or more risk factors may influence the likelihood that an individual with diabetes will develop cataracts and/or retinopathy. We hypothesize that an elevated level of AR gene expression could confer higher risk for development of diabetic eye disease. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the onset and severity of diabetes-induced cataract in transgenic mice, designated AR-TG, that were either heterozygous or homozygous for the human AR (AKR1B1) transgene construct. AR-TG mice homozygous for the transgene demonstrated a conditional cataract phenotype, whereby they developed lens vacuoles and cataract-associated structural changes only after induction of experimental diabetes; no such changes were observed in AR-TG heterozygotes or nontransgenic mice with or without experimental diabetes induction. We observed that nondiabetic AR-TG mice did not show lens structural changes even though they had lenticular sorbitol levels almost as high as the diabetic AR-TG lenses that showed early signs of cataract. Over-expression of AR led to increases in the ratio of activated to total levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK1/2), which are known to be involved in cell growth and apoptosis respectively. After diabetes induction, AR-TG but not WT controls had decreased levels of phosphorylated as well as total ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 compared to their nondiabetic counterparts. These results indicate that high AR expression in the context of hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency may constitute a risk factor that could predispose the lens to disturbances in signaling through the ERK and JNK pathways and thereby alter the balance of cell growth and apoptosis that is critical to lens transparency and homeostasis.

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“…The prevalence of ARCs escalates from 4% at age 52-64 to 50% at age 75-85. Diabetes is one of the potential risk factors with five-fold increases in the incidence and progression of early cataract formation [1, 2], influenced essentially by duration of the diabetes and the quality of glycemic control [1, 3]. Being a non-insulin dependent tissue, the lens is incapable of down-regulating glucose transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylglyoxal induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA demethylation in the Keap1 promoter of human lens epithelial cells and age-related cataracts

Periyasamy

Bidasee

Ayaki

et al. 2014

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Age-related cataracts are a leading cause of blindness. Previously, we have demonstrated the association of unfolded protein response with various cataractogenic stressors. However, DNA methylation alterations leading to suppression of lenticular antioxidant protection remains unclear. Here, we report the methylglyoxal-mediated sequential events responsible for Keap1 promoter DNA demethylation in human lens epithelial cells, because Keap1 is a negative regulatory protein that regulates the Nrf2 antioxidant protein. Methylglyoxal induces the ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response leading to overproduction of ROS prior to human lens epithelial cells death. Methylglyoxal also suppresses the Nrf2 and DNA methyltransferases but activates the DNA demethylation pathway enzyme, TET1. Bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing confirms the methylglyoxal-mediated Keap1 promoter DNA demethylation leading to over-expression of Keap1 mRNA and protein. Similarly, bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing of human clear lenses (n=15) slowly lose 5-methylcytosine in the Keap1 promoter throughout life, at a rate of 1% per year. By contrast, diabetic cataractous lenses (n=21) lose an average of 90% of the 5-methylcytosine regardless of the age. Over-expressed Keap1 protein is responsible for decreasing the Nrf2 by proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing the Nrf2 dependent stress protection. This study demonstrates for the first time about the associations of unfolded protein response activation, Nrf2 dependent antioxidant system failure and loss of Keap1 promoter methylation because of altered active and passive DNA demethylation pathway enzymes in human lens epithelial cells by methylglyoxal. As an outcome, cellular redox balance is altered towards lens oxidation and cataract formation.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cataracts in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Ocular conditions among singed–hide butchers at The Kumasi abattoir

Ocular conditions among singed–hide butchers at The Kumasi abattoir

Aldose reductase expression as a risk factor for cataract

Methylglyoxal induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA demethylation in the Keap1 promoter of human lens epithelial cells and age-related cataracts

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