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Background: To evaluate the effect of pupil dilation obtained with cyclopentolate on biometric measurements using swept-source optical coherence tomography biometry. Methods: This study involved 63 eyes of 63 healthy volunteers. After ophthalmic examination, biometry measurements of the participants were obtained with IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). After pre-dilation measurements were taken, subjects were given one drop of cyclopentolate hydrochloride ophthalmic solution three times at 10-minute intervals. When cycloplegia had been achieved, a dilated fundus examination was conducted and post-dilation measurements were taken with IOL Master 700. The biometric parameters were recorded and SPSS Software 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant increase in anterior chamber depth, anterior aqueous depth and central corneal thickness values after pupil dilation (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in lens thickness values after cycloplegia (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between pre-dilation and post-dilation axial length, keratometry (K1, K2) and white-to-white values (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated there is no significant difference in axial length and keratometry measurements using swept-source optical coherence tomography biometry before and after cycloplegia.

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Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of aflibercept based on different morphologic patterns on optical coherence tomography (OCT) for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Purpose To evaluate choroidal structural changes in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration using choroidal vascularity index. Methods The eyes of patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration and controls were evaluated with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images. Subfoveal choroidal area was segmented into luminal area and stromal area by the binarization technique on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images using ImageJ software. Choroidal vascularity index was defined as the ratio of luminal area to total circumscribed subfoveal choroidal area. Results Fifty-seven eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration and 60 healthy control eyes were included in the study. The choroidal vascularity index was computed as 59.53% ± 4.9% in the intermediate age-related macular degeneration group and as 62.7% ± 4.3% in the control group ( p = 0.002). Patients with age-related macular degeneration showed significantly lower values of stromal area and higher values of luminal area compared to control subjects (0.51 ± 0.22 vs 0.87 ± 0.21, p < 0.001 and 0.74 ± 0.22 vs 0.52 ± 0.18, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration demonstrated reduced choroidal vascularity index compared to healthy eyes. Choroidal vascularity index seems to be a potential non-invasive quantitative method for studying structural changes of the choroid in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

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Purpose To determine the short-term changes in systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) during intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection in patients with exudative agerelated macular degeneration (ARMD).Materials and methods This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 550 patients with exudative ARMD, who received intravitreal anti-VEGF (bevacizumab or ranibizumab; selected randomly) injections. Patients with hypertension on medication with antihypertensive drugs were assigned to the hypertension group (HTG; n = 278); those with normal blood pressure and not on antihypertensive drugs were assigned to the normotensive group (NTG; n = 272). The SABP levels were measured 30 min before anti-VEGF injection (baseline = B), during anti-VEGF injection (DI), as well as 30th (I30) and 60th (I60) min after anti-VEGF injection. Results Both groups had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) at DI than that of the baseline values (p \ 0.001), whereas the diastolic blood pressures (DBP) increased significantly at DI, I30, and I60 compared with baseline (p \ 0.001). In NTG, SBP was significantly higher in patients at I30 (p = 0.019), whereas that in HTG was significantly higher at all measurements (p \ 0.05) only in patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Conclusion Our study results show that intravitreal anti-VEGF injection is associated with a short-term increase in SABP. To prevent potential systemic complications during anti-VEGF administration, the systemic status of patients with ARMD should be evaluated before the injection and those with a risk of high SABP during injection should be closely monitored.