The main objective of this review is to provide advance information for the drug discovery research from the divine herb Kalanchoe pinnata, which contains a wide range of active compounds, including alkaloids, triterpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, bufadienolides, lipids and organic acids. The pharmacological studies are reviewed and discussed, focussing on activities as immunomodulator,
The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing piroxicam and to use the ability of porous magnesium alumina metasilicate as a solid carrier for self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. It was developed to resolve the problems of piroxicam such as low water solubility, low bioavailability and gastrointestinal irritation. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing varying proportions of Capmul MCM, Cremophor EL and Transcutol-P were prepared and optimized using response surface methodology of Design-Expert ® software version 10. Liquid selfmicroemulsifying drug delivery systems were subjected to in vitro evaluation, including self-emulsification efficiency study, droplet size, zeta potential measurement and in vitro drug release studies. Solid selfmicroemulsifying drug delivery system was prepared by adding liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system with Neusilin US2 and filled in hard gelatin capsule. The optimized formulation consists of 28.26 % of Capmul MCM, 44.16 % of Cremophor EL and 27.58 % of Transcutol-P. The results showed that the drug release profile of piroxicam from the self-microemulsifying drug delivery formulations was higher than the pure piroxicam powder. The release of piroxicam was rapid and complete. Solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems after filled in hard gelatin capsule, predicted to be a promising technique to deliver a liquid formulation in solid dosage form.
A self micro-emulsifying mouth dissolving film (SMMDF) is a dosage form which is based on mouth dissolving film integrated with self micro emulsifying components. Stability of self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system is one of major problem of lipid based drug delivery system. This can be minimized by converting liquid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system into solid SMMDF. This drug delivery system enjoys both advantages of self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) along with mouth dissolving film (MDF). Self micro-emulsifying mouth dissolving film formulations can be used to improve the oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs due to their efficiency of presenting the hydrophobic drug in solubilized form. This review article tries to describe the formulation of MDF and also talks about the SMEDDS. Some of the patented preparations of SMEDDS are also listed.
Pattewar et al.: Self-microemulsifying Mouth Dissolving Film Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems are widely used to address water-solubility issues of drug candidates, but with these systems, there is a chance of drug precipitation due to migration of the surfactant in the shell of capsule. Piroxicam is a class II drug that exhibits poor solubility and high permeability. Efforts were made to develop piroxicam self-microemusifying mouth dissolving fi lm using a polymer such as hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose as a fi lm-forming polymer and optimized using response surface methodology of Design-Expert® software version 10. A sublingual self-microemusifying mouth dissolving fi lm was prepared that disintegrated in 26 seconds. The in vitro drug release of self-microemusifying mouth dissolving fi lm was 98.04±0.016% in 5 min. The newly developed sublingual self-microemusifying mouth dissolving fi lm provided rapid absorption of piroxicam (t max ~2 h) and suitable for providing a rapid onset of analgesic action.
The aim of present study is to investigate the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in improving the oral bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate, a second-generation antipsychotic drug. Quetiapine Fumarate (QF) loaded NLC were prepared by hot homogenization followed by an ultrasonication method. Response surface methodology - central composite design (CCD) was used to systemically examine the influence of concentration of capmul MCM EP, concentration of poloxamer 188 and concentration of egg lecithin on particle size (PS) and % entrapment efficiency (% EE) and to optimize the NLC formulation. The CCD consists of three factored design with five levels, plus and minus alpha (axial points), plus and minus 1 (factorial points) and the centre point. A mathematical relationship between variables was created by using Design Expert software Version 12. The statistical evaluations revealed that three independent variables were the important factors that affected the PS and % EE of QF loaded NLC. The best fitted mathematical model was linear and quadratic for PS and % EE respectively. The optimized formulations found with 218.1±0.14nm of PS and 93±0.16% of % EE. Results illustrated the superiority of developed QF loaded NLC formulation as a stable drug delivery system, providing better bioavailability with the possibility of better treatment for psychological disorders.
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