Wound closure is a part of any surgical procedure. Wound care and healing process are concepts, which are usually reliant upon sutures. The suture and non-suture repair of the tissues has been a major concern to surgeons for over four thousand years. The objective of this study is to compare the rates of infection, wound dehiscence, necrosis and time required by N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and nylon sutures in extraoral maxillofacial wound closer. Materials and methods: 24 patients requiring external wound closing were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups, in one group wound closer was done by N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and by conventional nylon suture in the other group. The software STATA ® of StataCorp was used in statistical analysis if this study. Results: Wound infection, dehiscence, necrosis of tissue edges, time taken for closure was much less in case of tissue adhesive than conventional sutures. Conclusion: Advantages of tissue adhesives over conventional wound closure techniques include easy to use, excellent bacteriostatic property, decreased repair time, elimination of recall visits and comparable short and long-term cosmetic outcome. Though tissue adhesives have many advantages over conventional wound closure techniques, they can be used as an alternative to sutures only in superficial small and tension free skin incisions or lacerations.
Odontogenic tumors develop in the jaws from odontogenic tissues such as enamel organ, Hertwig epithelial root sheath, dental lamina, and so on. A variety of tumors unique to the maxilla and mandible are therefore seen. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, aggressive, benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin accounting for only about 1% of all odontogenic tumors. It is eponymously called “Pindborg tumor”, as it was first described by Pindborg in 1955. The origin of this locally invasive tumor remains unknown. It is thought to arise from stratum intermedium. It commonly affects the posterior mandible manifesting as a slow-growing asymptomatic swelling often associated with an impacted tooth. We report a case of CEOT, for which, owing to its huge size we have proposed the term “giant” Pindborg tumor (CEOT). This is probably the largest case of this tumor reported so far in the English literature. The present case also has the classic yet rare “driven snow” appearance of the tumor on radiographs.
Artificial intelligence is changing the world, especially the interaction between machines and humans. Learning and interpreting natural languages and responding have paved the way for many technologies and applications. The amalgam of machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing helped Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) to change the face of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). A conversational agent is an excellent example of conversational AI, which imitates the natural language. This article presents a sweeping overview of conversational agents that includes different techniques such as pattern-based, machine learning, and deep learning used to implement conversational agents. It also discusses the panorama of different tasks in conversational agents. This study also focuses on how conversational agents can simulate human behavior by adding emotions, sentiments, and affect to the context. With the advancements in recent trends and the rise in deep learning models, the authors review the deep learning techniques and various publicly available datasets used in conversational agents. This article unearths the research gaps in conversational agents and gives insights into future directions.
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