This chapter illustrates using simulations how the assumed Janzen-Connell relationship between distance from parent and seed density can break down. Emphasis is given on spatial patterns of seed dispersal, the resultant spatial structure of seeds and the potential consequences for the population and the community. A special form of dispersal limitation is detailed, i.e. contagious seed dispersal, which is defined as the patchy deposition of seeds such that some sites receive many seeds and others receive few to none. By investigating contagious seed dispersal, the effects of spatial variability in seed dispersal curves on subsequent demographic processes are examined. The chapter explains where such dispersal is likely to take place and suggests potential outcomes for seed survival based on the resulting spatial deposition patterns. It illustrates how contagious seed dispersal relates to and modifies the original Janzen-Connell model and its community-level outcomes.

Hidden figures of nursing: The historical contributions of Black nurses and a narrative for those who are unnamed, undocumented and underrepresented Unless I am allowed to tell the story of my life in my own way, I cannot tell it at all.

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Once the British transatlantic slave trade came under abolitionists' scrutiny in 1788, West Indian slaveholders had to consider alternative methods of obtaining well-needed laborers. This article examines changes in enslaved women's working lives as planters sought to increase birth rates to replenish declining laboring populations. By focusing more on variances in work assignment and degrees of punishment rather than their absence, this article establishes that enslaved women in Jamaica experienced a considerable shift in their work responsibilities and their subjection to discipline as slaveholders sought to capitalize on their abilities to reproduce. Enslaved women's reproductive capabilities were pivotal for slavery and the plantation economy's survival once legal supplies from Africa were discontinued.

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BCG vaccination, stay or work in a high TB prevalence country and previous TST were associated with positive Mantoux results. These factors could be used to predict Mantoux results, with the potential of substituting Mantoux testing.