Production of microbial aromatic compounds by solid-state fermentation is increasing lately, due to the ability of microbial to use agro-industrial wastes as their substrates. The aim of this research was to know potential of aromatic compounds production by solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma viridae in Pandanus tectorius fruits. To prepare the substrates, basal mesocarp part of fruits were cut, juiced, pulps were dried and grinded until reached fine particle size. Fermentations were carried out in 250 mL flasks with 10 8 fungal spores/mL, pH 6.0, 76,6 % (w/v) moistures at 30°C for 10 days. Aromatic compounds resulted from SSF were then analyzed using GC/MS. Results showed that Pandanus tectorius fruits contained total sugars 13,015%, proteins 3%, lipids 1,39% and moisture content were 76,6%. This low sugars content in substrates seemed to be the main factor of Trichoderma viridae slow growth. There were 17 peaks of aromatic compounds detected in GC/MS, consisted of alkenes hydrocarbons (tetradecane, tertracosane, tetracosahexaene, pentadecane, hexacosane, heptadecane, and octadecane), alcohol (phenol), amide (9-octacenamide) and monoterpene aldehid (9-octadecenal). Therefore the fermentation conditions need to be further optimized to make better growth for fungi and higher aromatic compounds production.
Jatropha curcas seed cake contains a high amount of protein, and consequently has very high potential as a medium for lipase production. The objective of this research was to characterize lipase from Aspergillus niger 6516, which was produced by solid-state fermentation on Jatropha curcas seed cake as the medium. The effects of pH and temperature on enzyme activity were evaluated, along with substrate specificity and enzyme stability. Fermentation was performed at a water concentration of 63% and temperature of 30 °C for 7 days. The results showed that the optimum pH and temperature for Aspergillus niger 6516 lipase activities were 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The lipase had the substrate specificity to hydrolyze long-chain fatty acids and was stable in polar organic solvents. The lipase had a molecular weight, Km and v max about 19 kDa, 0.27 µmol/ml, and 52.63 µmol/ml/min, respectively. The results also suggested that the produced lipase from Aspergillus niger 6516 was an alkaline lipase. Based on these results, we conclude that Jatropha seed cake is a suitable medium for lipase production.
Biofilm formation has become a serious health and environmental problem. Mushrooms are now considered a valuable source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. The lion's mane mushroom (
Hericium erinaceus
[HE]) has been used as an antimicrobial for ulcers and gastritis in East Asian countries. However, studies on the antibiofilm activities of HE basidiome against biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria and their bioactive compound profiles are still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiofilm activity of HE and to identify its phenolic compound profile. The HE inhibitory activities against bacterial growth and biofilm formation were performed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Salmonella
Typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Remarkably,
P. mirabilis
was the most susceptible bacteria to HE. The total phenolic content (TPC) of HE was 1652 ± 1.06 µg/ml, with protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid being the most abundant phenolic compounds as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (HPLC-MS). This research highlights the possibility of HE as an antibiofilm agent that can be developed as a nutraceutical and natural food preservative.
Water is one of the most important needs for organisms. However, microbial contamination in water has become serious issue recently. We were interested to reduce the microbial contamination in water by using biological agents such as water hyacinth. In some studies, water hyacinth has antimicrobial activities as well as their function as phytoremediation agent. This research was done to study the effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms as bio filter against coliform in water of Mataram water channel in Yogyakarta. The bio filter were arranged as following layer; gravel, zeolite and water hyacinth as the most upper part of bio filter. It was then set with the direction along with the river flow. The water samples were then taken triplicates, each from the upstream (before bio filter treatment) and downstream (after bio filter treatment). It were then continued by Most Probable Number (MPN) test which include the presumptive, confirmed, and completed test. The MPN results showed that coliform in the upstream were found about 57.34 ± 54.35 MPN / 100 ml while in the downstream were about 808 ± 678.96 MPN / 100 ml. The statistical test showed that the difference between upstream and downstream were not significant. Thus it can be concluded that water hyacinth bio filter was not effectively used as bio filter against coliform bacteria.
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