Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the top causes of disability and deaths in the world. However, Pakistan has 81 TBI cases for per 100,000 residents, with a 15% death rate. In order to lower excessive intracranial pressure in brain injury patients, external ventricular drains (EVDs) are frequently used to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Nursing practices with reference to the care of patients with EVD are greatly improved by EVD care guidelines. Therefore, it is crucial to implement EVD care guidelines in order to enhance their current procedures for EVD care. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nursing guidelines on practices of nurses caring for traumatic brain injury patients with external ventricular drain in a public hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted. Sample size contained 50 registered nurses. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. A four-week education intervention was delivered to the participant nurses. Through the use of validated questionnaires, information on nurses' practices was gathered twice, before and after the intervention. Results: The study found that nurses' practices had significantly improved (p< 0.001) following the education. The practices had been competent as post- intervention practices are improved to 32 (64%) from pre- intervention practices 12(24%). Conclusions: Guidelines for the care of External Ventricular Drains (EVDs) have a statistically significant impact on nurses' education in EVD care. Guidelines for EVD care considerably improve the nursing practices and reduced EVD consequences in patients with traumatic brain injuries.
A performance evaluation is a regular analysis of the job performance of an employee and the overall contribution to an organization. It evaluates employees' skills, achievements and lacking. The performance assessment process of employees is essential for organizations to boost the productivity of employees and improve their results. Employees are less motivated in government and private hospitals. Employees and organization did not meet each other expectations. Victor Vroom develops theory of expectancy in 1964 which applied in this scenario. Vroom stated that three major factors determine the person motivation: expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Performance appraisal used as motivational tool and it is necessary for staff sustainability. Organization should do performance evaluation of employees and give feedback according to their work. Motivation is very important to enhance employee organizational commitment, resulting in higher productivity levels. Rewards are also some of the key strategies to strengthen the motivation of employees to use their best capabilities to develop innovative ideas that could improve organizational performance.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ practices related to medication administration through the CVC. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Tertiary Hospital. The study subjects were the female Nurses aged between 21 – 60 years (n = 133). A convenient sampling technique was used.Data collected through an observational checklist which contain two sections; demographic and 19 items of their practices. A pilot study was done on 20 participants to assess the reliability of the observational checklist. Data analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Results: 82.7% participants’ ages were between 21 – 30 years, 13.5% were between 31 – 40 years and 3.8% were between 41 – 50 years. Participants’ education was as follows: general nursing diploma (84.2%), BS Nursing Post RN (registered nurse) (11.3%), BSN -Bachelor Science in Nursing (Generic) (4.5%). Only 41.4% participants performed hand hygiene before procedure and 58.6% did not perform. 34.6% participants remove gloves and perform hand hygiene; remaining 65.4% did not perform hand hygiene correctly. All participants 100% performed documentation on drug chart. Conclusion: The significance of quality care, combined with good practices, particularly when medicines are administered through the Central Venous Catheter. Incorrect practices of medication administration through CVC increase the risk of blood stream infection. This research study shows 50% unsatisfactory practices.
Introduction: The neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are comparatively infrequent and mixed tumors which comprise 2% of all malignancies, with an incidence of <200,000 population. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas are diagnosed rarely. While gastric carcinoma is third principal reason of death in men and fifth in women especially in Eastern Asia. Case Report: We, herein, present a patient of 30 years and male who was presented to OPD having complaints of diarrhea, hot flushes, dizziness, dyspepsia and anorexia. A Core Biopsy of left par aortic region was made. The findings showed that patient was suffering from neuroendocrine neoplasm/paraganglioma. Initially, lesions can be managed by endoscopic excision of accessible tumors and endoscopic monitor. Discussion: Abdominal neuroendocrine carcinomas are also rare and accounting for less than 10% of gastric neoplasms and such rareness has made it tough to accurately recognize their organic nature and to identify ideal treatment choices. Conclusion: As we described a patient of intermittent gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, a well-managed description of these cancers/tumors should be discussed globally and historically. Diagnostics and therapeutic managements must be evaluating in large clinical studies.
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