Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is growing fastly the world is witnessing.  The incidence of alarming concern to health care providers is rapidly rising. The main burden of this disease will fall on all developing countries. The number of diabetic patients will reach 300 million by the end of 2025 it is known through the estimation mostly developing countries will have such a dramatic and significant impacts. Methodology: The quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with convenient sampling (n=142) from Services Hospital Lahore. Using the questioner consist of 34 items data was analyzed through spss21 version descriptive analyses and the chi-square test with (p=<0.05) was used. Results: Findings of the study that only 19% had good knowledge they answered 8 or more correct responses remaining 81% participants answered less than 50% correct responses had poor knowledge. The 41.5% had positive attitude with diabetic diet while the remaining 58.5% were having negative attitude. The findings also revealed that only 17.6% had good practices they answered 50% and above correct responses while the others 82.4% participants answered less than 50% correct responses and were doing poor practices about the diabetic diet. The significant association was found between the gender and patient’s knowledge and no significant association between the education and patient’s dietary knowledge. Conclusion: The diabetes type 2 patients should have up to mark dietary, knowledge, and keep it in practicing well. It will, prevent from diabetes complications. There is need to improve the patients knowledge and provide education them.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 227-236

The study is aimed at identifying the causes of stress amongst daily routine of nurses working in the ICU unit of Ittefaq Hospital Lahore. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to gain an insight into factors which may be causing stress to the nurses. The results were analyzed using statistical tools. An overall finding of the study is that all the nurses were suffering from stress however, the reasons of stress are different. Consensus was that three biggest causes of stress are prolonged shifts and extra duties, shortage of staff and excessive workload.The other major causes of stress identified are inappropriate or poor communication between doctors and nurses, lack of support and motivation, unexpected deaths or patients undergoing painful procedures, lack of breaks, lack of cooperation from peers and supervisors/managers. The patients themselves can also be a source of stress for example, problematic patients or their aggressive family members as well as improper work environment also contribute to stress.There is a dire need to develop stress alleviating programs and therapies at the hospitals. Nurses, doctors and managers should be encouraged to participate in such programs towards building stress-free work environment where patients can be served better.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are group of disorders of heart, blood and vessels. Major risk factors are hypertension, cigarette smoking, high fat, diabetes, obesity and physically inactive. In Pakistan, prevalence data for the Cardiovascular disease is sparse, and literature indicates that there is 30-40% of all deaths in Pakistan due to cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among adults in rural community, Lahore. Methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling was used. Data were collected from adults of rural community Lahore. The sample size was 110. KAP questionnaire was used to collect the data. Ethical permission was obtained and data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The findings of the research were good knowledge with (67%) high response of correct answer of "Smoking is risk factor of CVD". The attitudes were negative, (28%) high correct response for "Do exercise for good health". The practices were very poor regarding the riskfactors of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The knowledge of participants towards the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases was somehow better. The attitude was comparatively negative and practices were poor. No one was following regular exercises, dietary modifications, manage stress and smoking. Rural community people should modify their lifestyle to improve their practices. There is need for health education campaign in the rural community to minimize the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Institute (THI) the risk-factors for cardiovascular-diseases are group into two major and minor contributing factors. Main risk factors are hypertension, cigarette smoking, high fat level, diabetes, obesity and physically inactive. The minor risk factors contain stress due to anxiety, sexhormone intake, birth-control pills and alcohol drinking. (Pagani et al., 2015). Cardiovascular diseases are the Research Article

Background: The performance of student play important role to quality education which produce quality graduates .So they took part in development of the country and become leader of that county, They are the backbone of their country (Feenberg, 2012). Most of the students do not make themselves attentive in subject duo to same reason like, school related issues, un-confident and unskilled teachers, insufficient services, and non-availability of instructional materials. Non-school issues involve poverty, low instructive fulfillment and lack of education of guardians and weakness and nutrition (Farooq, Chaudhry, Shafiq, & Berhanu, 2011). Objective: To determine the factors that affects the academic performance of students of Lahore school of Nursing, The University of Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive Cross-sectional Study Students of Lahore School of Nursing, the University of Lahore. Convenient sampling Technique was use for data collection. Participants who are enrolled in BSN (Generic and Post RN), Age was 18 years to 45years, Both Male and Female, married and unmarried students was including. except BSN (Post-RN) and BSN (Generic) was exclude for data collection Result: Gender of the participant has negative association with Education of participant as sig value is .000 and -.397. Gender of the participant has association with Marital status and has weak correlation as sig is .159 and r value is .123. Gender of the participant has association with student related factor and has negative correlation as sig is .397 and r value is -.074. Conclusion: In this study conclude that, most of the common contribution factors that affect academic performance of nursing students were related to teacher factor, student factor, home factor, school factors, significantly affect the academic performance of the nursing students.

Aims of The Study: The main aim of this study is to improve the calculation of medicines in nurses and develop a master plan for drug calculation competencies which will be yearly renewable. Objective: To evaluate the effects of dimensional analysis on the self-efficacy levels of nurses, specifically regards to their medication calculation abilities. Methodology: Quasi experimental study design was used in this study. This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the teaching hospital of the University of Lahore. It is a tertiary care hospital with 450-bedded capacities where almost 113 registered nurses are performing their duties in different shifts. Results: the frequency and classification of gender, in which male were 22% and female were 78%, the classification of age in which 21- 25 years old participants were 12.45%, some participants age between 26-30 years were 28.3%, participants of 31-35 years were 37.2%, the participants whose age were 36-40 years were 15% and above 40 years participants age were 701%. Classification of education in which 16.8% participants were General Nurse, 36.3% participants were Post RN and 46.9% participants were Generic BSN. The classification of Designation also discusses such as, 47.8% participants were charge nurses, 32.7% were Shift In charge and 19.5% were unit In charge. Conclusion: This study focusses to enhance the mathematical skills of the nurses and minimize the calculation errors of nurses during medication which is a challenging issue among nurses. This study is to extend focus on improving nurse’s medication calculation accuracy. To accomplish the stated purpose, a single intervention dimensional analysis was used which provide a situation for health-care improvement and to find techniques for improving the rate of medication errors. Statistically 39.86% difference recorded in pre-and post-intervention data. Keywords: Self Efficacy, Dimensional Analysis, medication calculation, mathematical calculation confidence level