A coccoid-and amorphous-shaped, non-gliding, reddish bacterium, designated SG-29 T , was isolated from seawater in the western North Pacific Ocean near Japan. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, heterotrophic and catalase-positive. Nitrate was reduced to nitrogen and acid was produced from aesculin, turanose, 2-keto-gluconate and arabinose. Growth occurred with 1-5 % NaCl (optimum 2 % NaCl) and at 5-37 6C (optimum 20-30 6C). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 68.9 mol% (HPLC). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids (.10 %) were iso-C 17 : 1 v9c, C 17 : 1 v8c and iso-C 17 : 0 . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SG-29 T belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. The most closely related strain was

Halioglobus japonicus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halioglobus pacificus sp. nov., members of the class Gammaproteobacteria isolated from seawater Two coccoid, non-motile bacteria were isolated from seawater in the north-western Pacific Ocean near Japan. The two strains, designated S1-36 T and S1-72 T , were Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, heterotrophic and catalase-negative. They were able to reduce nitrate to nitrogen. Both strains required NaCl for growth, with optimum growth in 2 % NaCl, and grew at 15-30 6C, with optimum growth at 20-25 6C. Genomic DNA G+C contents of strains S1-36 T and S1-72 T were 59.6 and 59.4 mol%, respectively. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and major cellular fatty acids were C 16 : 1 v7c, C 18 : 1 v7c and C 17 : 1 v8c. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains S1-36 T and S1-72 T were related to each other (96.1 % sequence similarity) and both strains showed 92.3-94.7 % sequence similarity with members of the genus Haliea. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic features, strains S1-36 T and S1-72 T should be classified as representatives of two novel species in a new genus, Halioglobus gen. nov., within the class Gammaproteobacteria. The names proposed are Halioglobus japonicus sp. nov., the type species of the genus, with S1-36 T (5NBRC 107739 T 5KCTC 23429 T ) as type strain, and Halioglobus pacificus sp. nov., with S1-72 T (5NBRC 107742 T 5KCTC 23430 T ) as type strain.

Aureibacter tunicatorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a coral reef sea squirt, and description of Flammeovirgaceae fam. nov. Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, JapanTwo aerobic, Gram-reaction-negative, golden-yellow pigmented and rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains A5Q-118T and A5Q-27, were isolated from an unidentified sea squirt that thrives in the coral reefs off the coast of Okinawa, Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolates were affiliated with the family 'Flammeovirgaceae' of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains A5Q-118 T and A5Q-27 shared 100 % sequence similarity with each other and showed ,92 % similarity with other cultivated members of the family 'Flammeovirgaceae'. The novel isolates were phenotypically and physiologically different from strains described previously. The DNA G+C content was 35.5-36.2 mol%, MK-7 was the major menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 and C 16 : 1 v5c were the major fatty acids. Based on the results of this polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that strains A5Q-118 T and A5Q-27 represent a novel species in a new genus of the family 'Flammeovirgaceae', for which the name Aureibacter tunicatorum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Proposal for designation of the Flammeovirgaceae fam. nov. is also presented. The type strain of Aureibacter tunicatorum is

Rubrivirga marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Rhodothermaceae isolated from deep seawater other and showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other cultivated members of the class Cytophagia. The strains were found to be non-motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and able to hydrolyse gelatin and aesculin. The DNA G+C contents were determined to be 64.8-65.8 mol% and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. Summed feature 9 (iso-C 17 : 1 v9c and/ or C 16 : 0 10-methyl), summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v6c and/or C 16 : 1 v7c) and iso-C 15 : 0 were found to be the major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it was concluded that strains SAORIC-26 and SAORIC-28 T represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodothermaceae, for which the name Rubrivirga marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. et al., 2011). Three genera Rhodothermus, Salinibacter and Salisaeta have been isolated from extreme environments and exhibit thermophilic or halophilic characteristics. At the time of writing the genus Rubricoccus contains only one species with a validly published name, which was, in contrast to members of the other three genera, isolated from a euphotic zone of the Pacific Ocean and showed mesophilic and slightly halophilic characteristics. In this study we isolated two novel bacteria from deep seawater and investigated their biochemical and physiological characteristics to determine their taxonomic status.Two aerobic bacteria were isolated from a deep seawater sample obtained from the western North Pacific Ocean (32 u 009 N, 138 u 139 E; depth, 3000 m) during the research cruise (KT-10-12) of RV 'Tansei Maru' [Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)] on 3 July 2010. The seawater (200 ml) sample was inoculated on 1/5 strength marine agar (Difco) (agar 15 g, peptone 1 g, yeast extract 0.2 g, MgCl 2 1.76 g, Na 2 SO 3 0.65 g, CaCl 2 0.36 g, KCl 0.1 g, NaHCO 3 0.32 g, Ferric citrate 0.2 g, KBr 0.016 g, SrCl 2 6 mg, H 3 BO 3 4 mg, Na 2 HPO 4 1.6 mg, Na 2 SiO 3 0.8 mg, NaF 0.48 mg, NH 4 NO 3 0.32 mg in 1 l of 80 % aged seawater) and incubated at 10 u C for 30 days. Isolated strains were maintained on 1/2 strength marine agar 2216 (MA: Difco) supplemented with 1 % NaCl at 30 u C. The temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 37 and 45 u C) and pH (5-10) ranges for growth were determined by incubating the isolate on 1/2 MA supplemented with 1 % NaCl. The NaCl concentration for growth was determined on 1/2 MA (agar 15 g, peptone 2.5 g, yeast extract 0.5 g, MgCl 2 4.4 g, Na 2 SO 3 1.62 g, CaCl 2 0.9 g, KCl 0.27 g, NaHCO 3 0.8 g, ferric citrate 0.5 g, KBr 0.04 g, SrCl 2 0.015 g, H 3 BO 3 0.01 g, Na 2 HPO 4 4 mg, Na 2 SiO 3 2 mg, NaF 1.2 mg, NH 4 NO 3 0.8 mg l 21) containing 0-15 % (w/ Abbreviations: ML, maximum-likelihood; NJ, neighbour-joining; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains SAORIC-26 and...

Two aerobic, Gram-negative, orange pigmented and irregular rod-shaped bacteria, designated S1-05 and S1-08(T), were isolated from seawater from the Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated with the genus Nonlabens of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The strains S1-05 and S1-08(T) shared 100 % pairwise sequences similarity with each other and showed less than 96.8 % similarity with the cultivated members of the genus Nonlabens. The novel isolates are phenotypically and physiologically different from strains described previously. The strains were found to be non-motile, oxidase positive, catalase positive and hydrolyzed gelatin and aesculin. The G+C contents of the DNA were determined to 41.4 and 41.7 mol% and MK-6 the predominant menaquinone. Anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 were found to be the major two cellular fatty acids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, it was concluded that strains S1-05 and S1-08(T) represent a novel species within the genus Nonlabens, for which the name Nonlabens marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of N. marina is S1-08(T) (=KCTC 23432(T) = NBRC 107738(T)).

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Advenella faeciporci sp. nov., a nitrite-denitrifying bacterium isolated from nitrifying-denitrifying activated sludge collected from a laboratory-scale bioreactor treating piggery wastewater