Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. belongs to the family Fabaceae. Known as pau-ferro and jucá, it is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, as antipyretic and antirheumatic. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract of the fruits of C. ferrea (EECf). In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, EECf (50 mg/kg) produced significantly inhibition of ear edema by 66.6% compared to control. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed inhibition of 83.9% compared to control. EECf (50 mg/kg) inhibited of vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and was also able to reduce of cell migration to the peritoneal cavity induced by thioglycolate. In the writhing test induced by acid acetic, EECf (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of contortions by 24.9, 46.9 and 74.2%, respectively. In the formalin test, EECf presented effects only in the second phase. The results provided experimental evidence for the effectiveness of the traditional use of C. ferrea in treating various diseases associated with inflammation and pain.
Actinomycetes are known to produce numerous secondary bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize, and investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities of metabolites produced by Actinobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Paullinia cupana. The Actinobacteria was identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus ACTMS-9H. Based on a bioguided study, the methanolic biomass extract obtained from submerged cultivation had the most potent antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. This extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 2-butanol. Elaiophylin was isolated from the methanolic biomass extract, and its molecular formula was determined (CHO) based on H andC NMR, IR and MS analyses. The 2-butanol phase was fractionated into four fractions (EB1, EB2A, EB2B, and EB3M). Chemical prospecting indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and reducing sugars in the methanolic extract and 2-butanol phase. The elaiophylin displayed anticancer activity in HEp-2 and HL-60 cells with an IC of 1 μg/mL. The EB1 fraction was selectively toxic to HL-60 cells with IC of 9 ng/mL. Bioautography showed that the EB1 fraction contained an alkaloid with antibacterial and antifungal activities (MIC values ≤1.9 and <3.9 μg/mL, respectively). In conclusion, the EB1 fraction and elaiophylin of S. hygroscopicus have potent antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer activities.
Bacteria of Streptomyces genus are a promising source of biologically active products, with applications in medicine, industry and agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fermented rice extract and their semipurified fractions from Streptomyces spp. isolated of the rhizosphere of Paullinia cupana, Amazon-Brazil. For this, a bioguided study was carried out by the cytotoxic activity with methanolic extract of Streptomyces sp. ACTMS-12H UFPEDA 3405 (EMeOH-12H) partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 2-butanol. The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH, ABTS and phosphomolybdenum methods, while the antimicrobial activity was investigated by microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against species of bacteria and yeast. In the cytotoxicity test, the butanolic phase (FbuOH-12H) presented IC50 of 1.1 µg/mL against MOLT-4, with cell death probably by apoptosis, but did not cause cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) or human erythrocytes. Chemical prospecting detected the presence of saponins and reducing sugars on 2-butanol fraction (FBuOH-12H), which can be related to cytotoxicity. On the antioxidant activity by ABTS, the partition with ethyl acetate (FAcOEt-12H) showed antioxidant capacity of 1161.7 ± 0.04 µM of Trolox/g of extract, indicating an expressive reactivity of the phase with this radical. The aqueous phases (from hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts) were active in all tested microorganisms, except E. faecalis.
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