The genus Hymenaea belongs to the Fabaceae family and has species distributed from Central America to South America in the Amazon. The wood of these species are widely used in civil construction, as well as the leaves, roots, sap and bark to treat inflammatory and respiratory diseases, infections, tumors and pain. This systematic review aimed to identify the biological activities associated with tannins and flavonoids in Hymenaea courbaril and Hymenaea stigonocarpa. Thus, research articles published between 2009 and 2019 that directly address this topic were searched using the following descriptors: Hymenaea AND flavonoids AND tannins AND biological activities AND medicinal plant, in PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases. The results obtained suggest that tannins and flavonoids are among the main compounds involved with potential antifungal and termiticidal effects, in addition to antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, myorelaxant, antiviral and larvicidal action for Aedes aegypti. The phytochemical diversity of these plants and the various biological activities help to expand scientific knowledge about these species, contributing to the eventual production of new products and/or new technologies.
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a gram-positive anaerobic microorganism present in human skin, and has being widely used in clinical trials as a suitable candidate for therapeutic approach to sepsis. A previous study performed by our research group demonstrated that a P. acne killed preparation had an important immunomodulatory role in severe sepsis. Hence, this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of P. acnes preparation on sub-lethal sepsis using a clinically relevant animal model of polymicrobial sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed in male mice under anesthesia. The group pretreated with the P. acnes-killed preparation showed 80% survival at the end of the experiment (10 days) while the sub-lethal group showed 40% survival. There was an increase in the recruitment of leukocytes to the infection site in animals pretreated with the P. acnes-killed preparation, which was confirmed by a histological analysis of the cecum. Reduction in the Tumor Necrosis Factoralpha (TNF-alpha) level was observed in the group prophylactically treated with the P. acnes-killed preparation compared to the level in the sub-lethal group. However, significant changes were not observed in Interleukin-1β (IL-1) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels between the groups prophylactically treated with P. acnes and those subjected to sub-lethal sepsis. Treatment with the P. acnes-killed preparation also reduced lung injury and reduced the nitric oxide (NO) levels in the peritoneal fluid of the treated animals compared to the levels recorded in the sub-lethal group, a result probably related to the increased recruitment of neutrophils and increased survival. The results obtained suggest that prophylactic treatment P. acnes can mitigate the effects of sepsis, increasing the survival of mice.
Bacteria of Streptomyces genus are a promising source of biologically active products, with applications in medicine, industry and agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fermented rice extract and their semipurified fractions from Streptomyces spp. isolated of the rhizosphere of Paullinia cupana, Amazon-Brazil. For this, a bioguided study was carried out by the cytotoxic activity with methanolic extract of Streptomyces sp. ACTMS-12H UFPEDA 3405 (EMeOH-12H) partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 2-butanol. The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH, ABTS and phosphomolybdenum methods, while the antimicrobial activity was investigated by microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against species of bacteria and yeast. In the cytotoxicity test, the butanolic phase (FbuOH-12H) presented IC50 of 1.1 µg/mL against MOLT-4, with cell death probably by apoptosis, but did not cause cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) or human erythrocytes. Chemical prospecting detected the presence of saponins and reducing sugars on 2-butanol fraction (FBuOH-12H), which can be related to cytotoxicity. On the antioxidant activity by ABTS, the partition with ethyl acetate (FAcOEt-12H) showed antioxidant capacity of 1161.7 ± 0.04 µM of Trolox/g of extract, indicating an expressive reactivity of the phase with this radical. The aqueous phases (from hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts) were active in all tested microorganisms, except E. faecalis.
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