The objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from items related to hygiene and antisepsis, equipment, and instruments used in different hospital wards. Bacterial isolation and identification, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility assays, mecA gene detection, and multiple antimicrobial resistance index analysis were performed. In total, 105 bacteria were isolated from 138 items. Of these, 49.52% bacteria were collected from instruments, 43.80% from equipment, and 6.66% from items related to hygiene and antisepsis. All gram-positive bacteria (88 isolates) were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Five species of gram-negative bacilli (17 isolates) were isolated, and the prevalence of Enterobacter agglomerans (29.41%), Escherichia coli (11.76%), and Serratia liquefaciens (11.76%) was high. Antimicrobial resistance was reported for 93.33% of the isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to sulfazotrim (88.64%) and penicillin (82.95%), while gram-negative bacteria showed resistance to sulfazotrim (70.59%) and ampicillin (64.71%). Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index showed that 73.33% of the isolates were a high risk to public health. The mecA gene was detected in 23 (71.88%) isolates. The evaluation of microorganisms isolated in the hospital environment revealed their high multidrug resistance index. Thus our study presses the need to pay more attention to the cleanliness of frequently used instruments, which may be potential sources of infections.
As doenças veiculadas por alimentos constituem um grave problema de saúde pública. Estimam-se que milhões de pessoas, em todo o mundo, são acometidas por doenças transmitidas por alimentos, e a maioria delas está ligada aos hábitos de higiene precários dos manipuladores, como higienização e controle ambiental de parasitas. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses em manipuladores de alimentos das escolas públicas do município de Umuarama-PR e verificar possíveis associações da positividade para enteroparasitoses com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e ambientais. Participaram deste estudo 100 manipuladores de alimentos, todos do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 22 a 63 anos. Foram avaliados alguns aspectos socioeconômicos, que se relacionam com aspectos epidemiológicos das enteroparasitoses, como: faixa etária, sexo, renda familiar mensal, nível de escolaridade, número de pessoas residentes, condições de moradia, abastecimento de água, local das refeições, destino dos dejetos, instalações sanitárias, destino do lixo, hábito de ingerir frutas e verduras diariamente. No total das amostras estudadas, apenas 3% estavam parasitadas pelo protozoário, pertencendo à classe das Entamoebas, a Entamoeba coli. Apesar desta baixa frequência encontrada nesta pesquisa, ressalta-se a importância da educação sanitária como bons hábitos de higiene pessoal e de manipulação correta de alimentos, uma vez que podem ser transmitidos aos demais indivíduos, atuando desta forma na prevenção destas parasitoses e garantindo melhor qualidade de vida.
Bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics are a serious One Health problem, as new alternatives for treatment do not appear at the same speed. Thus, the aim of this work was to carry out a survey of studies involving the activity of the essential oil of O. vulgare and its isolated compound carvacrol on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To this end, a qualitative review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database from 2015 to 2020. Both for the essential oil and for the isolated compound, the inhibitory action extends to strains often associated with difficult-to-treat infections such as oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, β-lactamase-producing strains, carbapenemases, among others. The point that distinguishes the studies is the type of methodology used in the tests, with studies with carvacrol more directed towards mechanisms of molecular action and application in cells and animals, while those with oils are more preliminary. Although these substances have potential to control resistant bacteria, more research is needed to enable their use.
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